AP Biology Chapter 1 Overview Test

ARROYO Mr. Tran AP BIOLOGY

What is Evolution?

“Descent with Modification”: Evolution is the process of change over time that has resulted in the diversity of organisms found on Earth

What is scientific inquiry?

The scientific search for information and explanation of natural phenomena via questions, experiments, analyzation, and observation.

What are the 4 themes in Biology?

Organization, Information, Interactions, Energy & Matter

What is organization within the 4 themes of biology?

The process of organizing a variety of topics, from complex to broad.

What is Information within the 4 themes of biology?

DNA is our most useful information

What is interactions within the 4 themes of biology?

How organisms interact with each other and the environment

What is energy & matter within the 4 themes of biology?

How organisms use energy, and how matter is recycled

What are the levels of organization?

Biosphere, Ecosystem, Community, Population, Organism, Organ, Tissue, Cell, Molecule

What is the Biosphere within the levels of organization?

All life on earth, and all the places where life exists.

What is the ecosystem within the levels of organization?

All the living things in an area, along with all the nonliving components.

What are communities within the levels of organization?

An array of organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem.

What are populations within the levels of organization?

All individuals of a species living in a specified area.

What are organisms within the levels of organization?

Individual living things.

What are organs within the levels of organization?

Body parts that are made up of multiple tissues that have specific functions in the body

What are tissues within the levels of organization?

A group of cells that work together, performing a specialized function.

What are cells within the levels of organization?

Life’s fundamental unit of structure and function.

What are organelles within the levels of organization?

Various functional components present in cells.

What are molecules within the levels of organization?

A chemical structure consisting of two or more units called atoms.

What is reductionism?

Reductionism reduces complex systems into simpler components, allowing us to understand fundamental mechanics.

What are emergent properties?

A characteristic that a complex system has, but each individual part does not. It helps fulfill reductionism by allowing you to see the small parts that reductionism misses.

What are Eukaryotes?

Eukaryotic cells are larger cells with membrane-enclosed organelles that contain DNA. It includes plants, animals, fungi, and protists.

What are Prokaryotes?

Prokaryotic cells are smaller and simpler cells, that don’t have a nucleus or organelles. It includes bacteria and archaea.

What is “The Central Dogma”?

A theory that states that the the transition pipeline for genetic information flows in one direction: DNA, transcription, translation, folding, expression.

What is DNA within the “Central Dogma”?

DNA is the storage, that contains a 4-letter nucleotide alphabet (A, T, C, G) that stores genetic information.

What is transcription within “The Central Dogma”?

Transcription is when a DNA sequence is transcribed into mRNA intermediary.

What is translation within “The Central Dogma”?

Translation is when mRNA is translated into a chain of protein building blocks (amino acids).

What is folding within “The Central Dogma”?

Folding is when chains fold into a unique shape that determine it’s function (proteins).

What is expression within “The Central Dogma”?

Expression is when proteins build and maintains the cell, which creates physical traits.

What is genomics?

Genomics is the study of whole sets of genes(genome) in one or more species.

What is Proteomics?

Proteomics is the study of the set of proteins (proteome) and their properties.

What is Energy & Matter?

Energy flows through living systems in one direction, while matter continuously cycles within them.

What is the order of the direction of the flow of energy?

Sun gives energy to plants, plants absorb and convert sunlight into energy, consumers consume plants/other organisms. In each stage, some energy is always lost.

What is the order of the direction of the cycle of matter?

Soil/Plants give nutrients to consumers/decomposers, which is given back into the air/soil.

What is climate change?

Climate change is the process in which human drive the CO2 up, raising global temperatures (up 1 degree Celsius since 1900), leading to mass extinction.