Early English Colonization & Colonial America: 1600-1733

What caused an ecological revolution in the New World in 1600?

European crops and livestock.

What devastated Native peoples in the New World?

Disease and conquest.

Which country dominated the New World except for most of North America?

Spain.

How did England compare to Spain in the 1500s?

England was weak compared to Spain.

What event intensified the rivalry between England and Spain?

The Protestant Reformation.

Who made Protestantism dominant in England in 1558?

Elizabeth I.

What was the outcome of Sir Humphrey Gilbert's attempt at colonization?

Failed Newfoundland colony.

What was the fate of the Roanoke colony established by Sir Walter Raleigh?

It became known as the 'Lost Colony'.

What significant naval event occurred in 1588?

The defeat of Spain's Invincible Armada.

What demographic change occurred in England from 1550 to 1600?

Population increased from 3 million to 4 million.

What economic movement forced farmers off their land in England?

The enclosure movement.

What is primogeniture?

Only eldest sons inherited land.

What development helped fund English colonization?

Joint-stock companies.

What year was Jamestown founded?

1607.

What rights did the Virginia Company charter guarantee to colonists?

Rights of Englishmen.

What were the early challenges faced by Jamestown colonists?

Starvation, disease, and searching for gold instead of food.

Who saved the Jamestown colony with the rule 'He who shall not work shall not eat'?

Captain John Smith.

Who acted as an intermediary between the English and Powhatan?

Pocahontas.

What tactics did Lord De La Warr use in the First Anglo-Powhatan War?

Brutal 'Irish tactics'.

What was the result of the Second Anglo-Powhatan War?

Indians were defeated and banished from the land.

What were the three Ds that led to the decline of the Powhatans?

Disease, disorganization, and disposability.

Who perfected tobacco cultivation in Virginia?

John Rolfe.

What impact did tobacco have on Virginia's economy?

It became the economic foundation.

What year did the first Africans arrive in Virginia?

1619.

What was the significance of the House of Burgesses?

It was the first representative assembly in America.

What was the purpose of the Act of Toleration in Maryland?

Toleration for all Christians.

What did the Barbados Slave Code establish?

Total control for masters and denied basic rights to slaves.

What crop became the main crop in the Carolinas?

Rice.

What year was Georgia founded?

1733.

Who founded Maryland as a Catholic refuge?

Lord Baltimore.

What was the role of James Oglethorpe in colonial America?

He founded Georgia.

What characterized the southern colonies?

Plantation agriculture, slavery, few cities, and an aristocratic atmosphere.

What was the outcome of the split between North Carolina and South Carolina?

They separated in 1712.

What was the significance of the year 1588?

The Spanish Armada was defeated.

What was the significance of the year 1612?

John Rolfe perfected tobacco.

What was the significance of the year 1649?

The Act of Toleration was enacted.