Chapter 8: Energy Resources

Gasohol

________ has higher octane than gasoline and burns more slowly, coolly, and completely, thus resulting in reduced emissions of some pollutants.

Natural gas

________ can also be transported by pipes.

power plants

Some ________ are designed to switch between oil and natural gas fuels depending on the cost.

fossil fuel

Hydrogen can also be obtained from organic molecules, but the use of organic sources can release pollutants- as can the process of electrolysis if a(n) ________, such as natural gas or coal, is used to drive the process.

Homeowners

________ who have installed solar panels receive a credit against further charges from their electricity providers when the energy that theyve fed into the grid exceeds the amount of energy the household uses.

oxides of nitrogen

It does not produce the ________ and sulfur associated with burning coal or oil.

loss of beauty

The benefits are jobs and lumber (both tangible), while the costs are the ________ and recreation opportunity (intangible), decreased biodiversity, and carbon dioxide removal (tangible)

Ethanol

________ and, similarly, methanol from organic sources are surface carbons and therefore add no net carbon to the atmosphere.

oils

The ________ used in deep- fat fryers can be filtered and then burned in diesel- fueled cars, trucks, and buses.

Buses

________ and trains can move many more people than cars.

sunlight

When ________ hits the PV cells, electrons are energized and can flow freely, producing an electric current.

Hydrogen

________ is obtained from fossil fuels by a process called reforming.

individual homes

While many PV cells are installed on rooftops or in backyards to power ________ and businesses, larger arrays of PV cells can generate more power for commercial or industrial use.

Residential energy consumers

________ can adjust thermostats to reduce the use of heat and air conditioning, conserve water, use energy- efficient appliances, and use conservation in their landscaping.

Hybrid vehicles

________ are built with two motors: one electric and one gasoline powered.

amount of pollution

When the ________ made by the vehicle is divided by all the passengers it is carrying, the bus or train generates far less pollution per person than a car.

smart regulation

Designers are rediscovering and modernizing techniques like passive solar heating, using thermal mass to regulate temperatures, and incorporating photovoltaic cells and ________ technology to reduce the amount of energy used from the grid in heating, cooling, lighting, and other energy use.

landfill operator

There is a(n) ________ in the state of New Jersey who tested a process of trapping methane from a landfill, liquefying it, and then using the liquid methane to power the trucks that bring garbage to the landfill.

electric motors

The cars are designed so that when the brakes are applied, some of the energy is transferred from the brakes to recharge the ________ battery.

natural gas

Currently, ________ is used for heating homes and cooking.

Gasohol

________ is a gasoline extender made from a mixture of 90 percent gasoline and 10 percent ethanol, which is often obtained by fermenting agricultural crops or crop wastes.

Ethanol

________- based gasohol is also expensive and energy- intensive to produce- one bushel of corn produces only two and a half gallons of ethanol.

There are three types of energy

potential energy is energy at rest-its stored energy-while kinetic energy is energy in motion

Energy Units

joule (J), calorie (cal), British thermal unit (BTU), and kilowatt hour (kWh), which is a measure of watts × time

Power Units

watt (W) and horsepower (hp)

There are two other less widespread renewable energy sources

tidal movement in the ocean (tidal power) and hydrogen cells

Hybrid vehicles are built with two motors

one electric and one gasoline powered

Additionally, in the long term it will not help us much to conserve fossil fuel resources

simply because these are not renewable energy sources-so they will eventually be depleted