Phonetics - the systems of speech production (ch 3)

3 Major Functional Systems of Speech Production

Respiratory, Laryngeal, Supralaryngeal (aka pharyngeal-oral-nasal)

Respiratory system’s secondary function

Provide power for speech

laryngeal system secondary function

Phonation, a.k.a. vibration of vocal folds

Supralaryngeal system Secondary function

articulation and resonation

respiratory system’s primary function

Supply the blood with oxygen in order for the blood deliver oxygen to all parts of the body

Laryngeal system primary function

Keeping foreign material (food and liquids) out of trachea and lungs

components of the respiratory system

Lungs, rib cage, abdomen, and associated muscle muscles

egressive

produced with flow of air that moves outward from the lungs through mouth or nose

all sounds in English language are __

egressive

ingressive

requires inward movement of air; ~ Tongue clicks

some sounds in other languages are __

ingressive

what’s the most important muscle for respiration?

Diaphragm

when the diaphragm __ , __ is pulled into lungs and volume of thoracic cavity __.

contracts; oxygen; expands

when the diaphragm __ , __ Is pumped out of the lungs and the volume of thoracic cavity __.

relaxes; carbon dioxide; contracts

inspiration

Air drawn into the lungs

expiration

Releases air into the larynx and supralaryngeal system for the purpose of generating speech

breath group

Sequence of words or syllables produced on a single expiration

components of the laryngeal system

The larynx and vocal folds

larynx

Made up of Cartlidge and muscle located on top of the trachea (Connect lungs to it)

phonation

Vibration of focal folds

The three cartilages of the larynx

cricoid, thyroid, arytenoid

when we inhale, the vocal folds __

Abduct or open

when we exhale, the vocal folds __

addict or close

for vocal fold vibration, muscles of the __ bring vocal folds together as they __ at onset of . The force of air developed in the __ blows them apart as they __.

Larynx; adduct; lungs, abduct

rate of vibration

The number of open-close cycles per unit of time

The part of the speech system that is above the larynx:

supralaryngeal system

The three cavities of the supralaryngeal system:

The pharyngeal cavity / pharynx, the oral cavity, and nasal cavity

The pharyngeal cavity / pharynx is what?

A muscular tube also referred to as the throat

what is the Process on Supralaryngeal system?

Direct airflow, orally or nasally through the movement of the velum (soft palate)

velopharyngeal port / oropharynx

opening between oral and nasal cavities

velum aka soft palate does what?

Raises direct airflow for oral versus nasal

uvula

The tip of the velum

articulation

Process of moving structures of the vocal track so they join together in different positions

The mobile articulators are

velum (soft palate), jaw, tongue, lips, pharyngeal walls

some articulators can change in what two things?

Shape and position; ~tongue

some articulators only change in what?

Position; ~jaw

Some articulatiors such as the __ do not change in shape or position

Hard palate

jaw

contributes to movements of the tongue and lower lip; (Some protrusion and retraction; Temporalmandibular joint; mandible)

tongue

muscular organ; lengthens and narrows; flattens and expands with; classify, vowels by movement of it; (support from jaw, thyroid bone)

lips

Open and close; round or retract for certain vowels