A&P HW #1

Which structure of the brain is most responsible for acting as a relay station to sort and send incoming signals to the cerebral cortex?

-cerebellum

-midbrain

-medulla oblongata

-thalamus

thalamus

Which brain structure is most responsible for interacting with and controlling the endocrine system?

-thalamus

-epithalamus

-hypothalamus

-medulla oblongata

hypothalamus

Which of the following form(s) the walls of the fourth ventricle?

-pineal gland and choroid plexus

-thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus

-pons, medulla oblongata, and cerebellum

-cerebral white matter

pons, medulla oblongata, and cerebellum

Which type of tract connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum?

-association tracts

-commissural tracts

-projection tracts

-lateralization tracts

commissural tracts

The middle primary brain vesicle, the mesencephalon, gives rise to which adult brain structure?

-medulla oblongata

-midbrain

-cerebrum

-diencephalon

midbrain

What type of cells line the ventricles of the brain?

-astrocytes

-epithelial cells

-ependymal cells

-neurons

ependymal cells

If the caudal portion of the neural tube failed to develop properly the ________.

-spinal cord may be affected

-cranial nerves would not form

-telencephalon would cease development

-hindbrain would not be present

spinal cord may be affected

Which of these would you NOT find in the cerebral cortex?

-fiber tracts

-interneurons

-cell bodies

-dendrites

fiber tracts

White matter is found in all of the following locations EXCEPT the ________.

-outer portion of the spinal cord

-corpus callosum

-cerebral cortex

-corticospinal tracts

cerebral cortex

Which type of white matter fiber tract connects the cerebrum to lower centers, like the spinal cord?

-projection fibers

-commissures

-association fibers

-corpus callosum

projection fibers

For our motor commands to travel toward our muscles, the signals must travel on __________.

-the primary visual cortex

-projection fibers

-association fibers

-commissural fibers

projection fibers

Which of the following is true of the cerebral hemispheres of the human brain?

-Nearly the entire surface of the cerebral hemispheres is marked by elevated ridges called sulci.

-The longitudinal fissure separates the cerebral hemispheres from the cerebellum.

-The cerebral hemispheres account for about 83% of total brain mass.

-Nearly the entire surface of the cerebral hemispheres is marked by shallow grooves called gyri.

The cerebral hemispheres account for about 83% of total brain mass.

Which of the following is NOT a correctly matched pair?

-spinal cord: inner gray matter

-gray matter: myelinated axons

-gray matter: location of brain nuclei

-superficial in the brain: gray matter

gray matter: myelinated axons

Which motor area both has a homunculus and has descending projection fibers?

-frontal eye fields

-primary motor cortex

-premotor cortex

-Broca's area

primary motor cortex

The primary somatosensory cortex is located in the ________.

-parietal lobe

-temporal lobe

-prefrontal lobe

-frontal lobe

parietal lobe

What groove separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe?

-central sulcus

-longitudinal fissure

-lateral fissure

-parieto-occipital sulcus

central sulcus

Which of the following best describes the cerebrum?

-visceral command center

-executive suite

-motor command center

-decussation center

executive suite

An elevated ridge of the cortex is called a ________.

-gyrus

-fissure

-furrow

-sulcus

gyrus

Which of the following generalizations does NOT describe the cerebral cortex?

-Each hemisphere is chiefly concerned with sensory and motor functions of the contralateral side of the body.

-The hemispheres are exactly equal in function.

-No functional area of the cortex works alone.

-The cerebral cortex contains three kinds of functional areas.

The hemispheres are exactly equal in function.

The lateral sulcus separates which lobes?

-temporal from parietal

-frontal from parietal

-frontal from occipital

-parietal from occipital

temporal from parietal

Which of the following is NOT a role of the basal nuclei?

-inhibiting unnecessary or antagonistic movements

-initiating protective reflex actions

-playing a role in cognition and emotion

-controlling starting and stopping movements

initiating protective reflex actions

Ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are called ________.

-ganglia

-fissures

-sulci

-gyri

gyri

The frontal lobe is separated from the temporal lobe by the ________.

-central sulcus

-lateral sulcus

-longitudinal fissure

-cranial fossa

lateral sulcus

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

-Damage to the visual association area can result in an inability to comprehend what is being seen.

-Damage to the premotor cortex results in loss of motor skills programmed in that area but movement is still possible.

-Damage to the primary auditory cortex results in the inability to interpret pitch, loudness, and location.

-Damage to the primary (somatic) motor cortex results in the loss of both voluntary muscle control and all reflexive contractions.

Damage to the primary (somatic) motor cortex results in the loss of both voluntary muscle control and all reflexive contractions.

An individual who could trace a picture of a bicycle with his or her finger but could not recognize it as a bicycle is most likely to have sustained damage to the ________.

-primary visual cortex

-calcarine cortex

-visual association area

-lateral geniculate body

visual association area

Broca's area ________.

-is considered a motor speech area

-serves the recognition of complex objects

-controls voluntary movements of the eyes

-is usually found only in the right hemisphere

is considered a motor speech area

Which part of the cerebral cortex is involved in intellect, cognition, recall, and personality?

-posterior association area

-combined primary somatosensory cortex and somatosensory association cortex

-limbic association area

-prefrontal cortex (anterior association area)

prefrontal cortex (anterior association area)

The area of the cortex that is responsible for sensing a full bladder and the feeling that your lungs will burst when you hold your breath too long is the ________.

-olfactory cortex

-vestibular cortex

-visceral sensory area

-gustatory cortex

visceral sensory area

Loss of ability to perform skilled motor activities such as piano playing, with no paralysis or weakness in specific muscles, might suggest damage to the ________.

-primary motor cortex

-premotor cortex

-rubrospinal tracts

-spinal cord

premotor cortex

The large commissure that connects the right and left sides of the brain is called the ________.

-corona radiata

-internal capsule

-longitudinal fissure

-corpus callosum

corpus callosum

At age 79, Mrs. X is diagnosed with a disorder that severely impairs her logical judgment. Medical imaging techniques show that this has been most likely caused by brain damage in a ______.

-parietal lobe

-frontal lobe

-temporal lobe

-premotor cortex

frontal lobe

Which part of the CNS sorts almost all sensory information ascending to the cerebral cortex?

-thalamus

-pons

-hypothalamus

-mesencephalon

thalamus

Which of the following best describes the hypothalamus?

-relay station for the special senses

-visceral control center of the body

-gateway to the cerebellum

-somatic motor control center

visceral control center of the body

Which of the following is NOT a diencephalon component?

-pineal gland

-superior colliculus

-thalamus

-hypothalamus

superior colliculus

Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus?

-regulate food intake

-regulate the thalamus

-regulate emotional responses

-regulate body temperature

regulate the thalamus

Which brain structure functions to control the autonomic nervous system and to regulate body temperature?

-mammillary body

-pons

-hypothalamus

-medulla oblongata

hypothalamus

Injury to the hypothalamus may result in all of the following EXCEPT ________.

-loss of fine motor control

-sleep disturbances

-loss of body temperature control

-dehydration

loss of fine motor control

What connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland?

-optic chiasma

-mammillary bodies

-infundibulum

-arbor vitae

infundibulum

The ________ includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus.

-diencephalon

-basal nuclei

-midbrain

-brain stem

diencephalon

Which of the following regions of the brain stem carries one-way communications that advise the cerebellum of voluntary motor activities initiated by the motor cortex?

-midbrain

-medulla oblongata

-thalamus

-pons

pons

Nuclei of cranial nerves V (trigeminal), VI (abducens), and VII (facial) are found in the ________.

-medulla

-midbrain

-pons

-cerebrum

pons

The brain stem consists of the ________.

-pons, medulla, cerebellum, and midbrain

-cerebrum, pons, midbrain, and medulla

-midbrain, medulla, and pons

-midbrain only

midbrain, medulla, and pons

Vital centers for the control of heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure are located in the ________.

-medulla oblongata

-cerebrum

-midbrain

-pons

medulla oblongata

Which of the following is (are) involved with motor activity (either initiation or coordination)?

-red nuclei

-Wernicke's area

-postcentral gyrus

-gustatory cortex

red nuclei

Degeneration of the dopamine-releasing neurons of the ________ is the ultimate cause of Parkinson's disease.

-reticular formation

-substantia nigra

-red nucleus

-internal capsule

substantia nigra

The two longitudinal ridges on the medulla oblongata where many descending fibers cross over are called the ________.

-lateral horns

-pyramids

-nuclei

-olives

pyramids

The corpora quadrigemina are found in the ________.

-midbrain

-cerebellum

-pons

-diencephalon

midbrain

Which of the lobes of the brain contains the gustatory cortex?

-temporal

-parietal

-frontal

-insula

insula

Which is NOT a function of a multimodal area of the brain?

-learning new concepts and relating them to previous experiences and previously learned ideas

-maintaining body homeostasis via the interaction of the autonomic nervous system and the endocrine glands

-recognizing someone's face in a crowded room

-becoming fearful or nervous when on a high ladder

maintaining body homeostasis via the interaction of the autonomic nervous system and the endocrine glands

What brain structure separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes?

-transverse cerebral fissure

-lateral sulcus

-parieto-occipital sulcus

-central sulcus

lateral sulcus

Which area of the cerebrum is responsible for understanding written or spoken words?

-Broca's area

-Wernicke's area

-the primary visual cortex

-somatosensory association cortex

Wernicke's area

Which part of the brain processes inputs received from the cerebral motor cortex, brain stem nuclei, and various sensory receptors, and then uses this information to coordinate balance, posture, and somatic movement problems?

-thalamus

-cerebellum

-diencephalon

-pons

cerebellum

Which of the following statements about the cerebellum is NOT correct?

-The cerebellum generates conscious motor commands.

-Damage to the cerebellum could affect posture.

-The cerebellum plays a role maintaining your balance.

-The cerebellum has a cortex and homunculus, just like the motor cortex.

The cerebellum generates conscious motor commands.

The arbor vitae refers to ________.

-cerebellar white matter

-flocculonodular nodes

-cerebellar gray matter

-the pleatlike convolutions of the cerebellum

cerebellar white matter

Which functional area of the brain is responsible for keeping the cortex alert and conscious and enhancing its excitability?

-limbic system

-frontal eye fields

-reticular activating system

-Broca's area

reticular activating system

Which of these statements is NOT correct regarding our limbic system?

-Your amygdala judges facial expressions for danger.

-Sights often create strong emotional responses.

-The cingulate gyrus helps you express your emotional state.

-Emotional states can alter our blood pressure.

Sights often create strong emotional responses.

Which of the following is correctly matched?

-gustatory cortex; sense of hearing

-vestibular cortex; pattern recognition

-limbic association area: sense of danger

-posterior association area: understand balance

limbic association area: sense of danger

All of the following are structures of the limbic system EXCEPT the ________.

-amygdaloid body

-cingulate gyrus

-hippocampus

-caudate nucleus

caudate nucleus

The brain area that regulates activities that control the state of wakefulness or alertness of the cerebral cortex is the ________.

-reticular formation

-thalamus

-limbic system

-pyramids

reticular formation

The light of dawn and the buzz of an alarm clock lead to wakefulness through the ________.

-reticular activating system

-limbic system

-basal nuclei

-cerebellar peduncles

reticular activating system