ASCP CHEMISTRY: ACID-BASE BALANCE

THE EXPECTED BLOOD GAS RESULTS FOR A PATIENT IN CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE WOULD MATCH THE PATTERN OF:

METABOLIC ACIDOSIS (REDUCED EXCRETION OF ACIDS)

SEVERE DIARRHEA CAUSES:

METABOLIC ACIDOSIS (EXCESSIVE LOSS OF BICARBONATE)

PH 7.18

PO2 86MM HG

PC02 60MM HG

02 SAT 92%

HCO3 7921 MEQ/L

TCO2 23MEQ/L

BASE EXCESS: -8.0

THESE RESULTS ARE MOST COMPATIBLE WITH?

EMPHYSEMA; RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS

A FACTOR THAT CONTRIBUTES TO A PC02 ELECTRODE REQURING 60-120S TO REACH EQUILIBRIUM INCLUDE THE:

DIFFUSION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MEMBRANE.

AN EMPHYSEMA PATIENT SUFFERING FROM FLUID ACCUMULATION IN THE ALVEOLAR SPACES IS LIKELY TO BE IN WHAT METABOLIC STATE?

RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS

AT BLOOD PH 7.4, WHAT IS THE RATIO OF BICORBONATE TO CARBONIC ACID?

20:1

THE REFERENCE RANGE FOR THE PH OF ATERIAL BLOOD AT 37C IS?

7.35-7.45

A 68 YEAR OLD MAN ARRIVES IN THE EMERGENCY ROOM WITH A GLUCOSE LEVEL OF 722 MG/DL AND SERUM ACETONE OF 4+ UNDILUTED. AN ARTERIAL BLOOD GAS pH FROM THIS PATIENT IS LIKELY TO BE:

LOW PH WHICH IS CONSISTENT WITH DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS

A PATIENT IS ADMITTED TO THE EMERGENCY ROOM IN A STATE OF METABOLIC ALKALOSIS. WHAT WOULD BE CONSISTENT WITH THIS DIAGNOSIS?

HIGH TC02, INCREASE HC03

A PERSON SUSPECTED OF HAVING METABOLIC ALKALOSIS WOULD HAVE WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING LABORATORY FINDINGS?

C02 CONTENT AND PH ELEVATED.

METABOLIC ACIDOSIS IS DESCRIBED AS AN:

DECREASE IN C02 CONTENT AND PC02 WITH A DECREASED PH.

RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS IS DESCRIBED AS AN:

INCREASE IN C02 CONTENT AND PC02 WITH A DECREASED PH.

A COMMON CAUSE OF RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS IS:

HYPERVENTILATION

ACIDOSIS AND ALKALOSIS ARE BEST DEFINED AS FLUCTUATIONS IN BLOOD PH AND C02 CONTENT DUE TO CHANGES IN:

BICARBONATE BUFFER

A BLOOD GAS SAMPLE WAS SENT TO THE LAB ON ICE, AND A BUBBLE WAS PRESENT IN THE SYRINGE. THE BLOOD HAD BEEN EXPOSED TO ROOM AIR FOR AT LEAST 30 MINS. THE FOLLOWING CHANGES IN BLOOD GAS WILL OCCUR:

PO2 INCREASED HC03 DECREASED

SODIUM 136 MEQU/L

POTASSIUM 4.4 MEQ/L

CHLORIDE 92MEQ/L

BICARBONATE 40 MEQ/L

ARTERIAL BLOOD PH 7.32

PC02 79 MM HG

RESULTS MOST COMPATIBLE WITH?

RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS

WHICH TEST EVALUATES RENAL TUBULAR FUNCTION?

OSMOLARITY

SODIUM 140MEQ/L

POTASSIUM 4.0MEQ/L

GLUCOSE 95MG/DL

BUN 10MG/DL (BLOOD UREA NITROGEN)

WHICH OSMOLALITY IS CONSISTENT WITH THESE RESULTS?

270

THE DEGREE TO WHICH THE KIDNEY CONCENTRATES THE GLOMERULAR FILTRATE CAN BE DETERMINED BY:

URINE TO SERUM OSMOLALITY RATIO

OSMOLAL GAP IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN:

CALCULATED AND MEASURED OSMOLALITY VALUES.