HES 311 Pathophys. Lecture 2: Pharmacology Basics

Examining a drugs actions, dosage, therapeutic use, and adverse effects

Pharmacology

Form of the dosage

Phamaceutical Phase

The effect of the body on the drug.
Absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination.

Pharmacokinetic Phase

Administration route, blood supply

Factors that affect absorption

Concentration absorbed, blood flow to tissue, % drug bound to plasma protein

Factors that affect distribution

The effect of the drug on the body

Pharmacodynamic

Therapeutic effect

Primary effect

Side effects

Secondary effect

The approved use of the drug

Indications

Uses for which the drug has shown some effectiveness but not its originally approved purpose

Off-label uses

circumstances under which the drug should not be taken

Contraindicaitons

The unwanted or unintended actions

Side effects

More serious side effects

Adverse effects

Opposite effect of the intended effect

Idiosyncratic reaction

Reaction due to some type of error

Iatrogenic effect

Harmful to the fetus

Teratogenic effect

When two drugs work together

Synergistic

One drug impairs the other

Antagonistic

One drug enhances the effect of another

Potentiating

the strength of a drug at a particular dose

Drug potency

the maximum effect that can be achieved by a drug

Drug efficacy

The ratio between toxic dose and effective dose

Therapeutic index