SEEK Pulmonary Medicine Review

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering pulmonary pathology, diagnostics, and management protocols based on SEEK lecture notes.

TTF-1 (Thyroid transcription factor-1)

An immunohistochemical marker positive in approximately $87\%$ of lung adenocarcinomas.

Comet tail sign

A radiographic sign on CT associated with round atelectasis, often seen in cases of mesothelioma.

Stage IVa (M1a)

The staging classification for malignant pleural effusion in lung cancer.

Selumetinib

A novel inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinases $1$ and $2$ used to reduce spinal neurofibroma burden in symptomatic inoperable patients with $NF1$.

Pulmonary benign metastasizing leiomyoma

A condition occurring in patients with a history of uterine leiomyoma, characterized by random pulmonary nodules that are IHC positive for desmin, actin, vimentin, and $ER/PR$.

Stellate appearance

The characteristic histological appearance of lesions centered on small airways in Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis ($PLCH$).

VEGF-D

A serum biomarker that, when elevated above $800\,pg/ml$, correlates with the diagnosis and severity of Lymphangioleiomyomatosis ($LAM$).

Good syndrome

A paraneoplastic syndrome associated with thymoma characterized by acquired hypogammaglobulinemia.

Urinothorax

A transudative, acidic pleural effusion ($pH < 7.0$) occurring after trauma or obstructive uropathy, identified by a pleural fluid to serum creatinine ratio $> 1$.

Atoll sign

Also known as the reverse halo sign, it is a rim of consolidation with central ground-glass clearing seen on CT in Organizing Pneumonia ($OP$).

Osimertinib

A third-generation $EGFR-TKI$ recommended as first-line therapy for $EGFR$-mutated stage $IV$ nonsquamous, non–small cell lung cancer.

BOS (Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome)

A type of Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction ($CLAD$) characterized by progressive obstructive lung dysfunction and hyperinflation on imaging.

Rasmussen aneurysm

A pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm secondary to a pulmonary Tuberculosis cavity, occurring in approximately $5\%$ of cases.

Wood Units (WU)

The unit of measure for pulmonary vascular resistance; Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ($PAH$) is defined by a measurement $> 3\,WU$.

YEARS algorithm

A diagnostic pathway for pregnancy-associated pulmonary embolism that uses clinical criteria and adjusted $D$-dimer thresholds of $1,000\,ng/mL$ or $500\,ng/mL$.

Doege-Potter syndrome

A condition of refractory hypoglycemia associated with solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura due to the production of $ILGF-1$.

Masson bodies

Intraluminal granulation tissue polyps or loose polypoid plugs of fibrosis within bronchioles and airspaces characteristic of Organizing Pneumonia.

PRISm (Preserved Ratio Impaired Spirometry)

A lung function pattern showing a decrease in $FEV_1$ and $FVC$ with a preserved $FEV_1/FVC$ ratio ($\ge 0.7$).

Mounier-Kuhn syndrome

Tracheobronchomegaly caused by abnormal elastic tissue in large airways, defined by a tracheal diameter $> 3\,cm$ on CT.

Lady Windermere syndrome

A clinical pattern of $Mycobacterium$ avium complex ($MAC$) infection causing focal bronchiectasis in the right middle lobe and lingula, typically in elderly women.

Birt-Hogg-Dube (BHD) Syndrome

An autosomal dominant disorder involving folliculin gene mutations, characterized by fibrofolliculomas, renal tumors, and basilar-predominant cystic lung disease.

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM)

An autosomal recessive disorder involving the $SLC34A2$ gene, resulting in a 'sandstorm' pattern of micronodular calcifications on chest $X$-ray.

Hepatopulmonary Syndrome (HPS)

A triad of liver disease, intrapulmonary vascular dilatations, and hypoxemia, often presenting as platypnea-orthodeoxia.

Metal fume fever

An acute illness caused by exposure to metallic oxides (commonly zinc oxide) featuring a metallic taste, fever, cough, and wheezing.

Dsign

A flattening of the interventricular septum seen on echocardiography; occurring in both systole and diastole it indicates right ventricular pressure overload.