Chem 115 - Exam 3 Orgo, Structures, Polymers

polarity

difference in electronegativity

covalent bonding

• 2 non metals

• similar electronegativity

• e- shared

ionic bonding

• metal and nonmetal

• different electronegativity

• e- fully taken by more electronegative

metallic bonding

• 2 metals

• conductive

electron group arrangements

• linear

• trigonal planar

• tetrahedral

name this structure and its angles

• linear

• 180

name this structure and its angles

• trigonal planar

• 120

name this structure and its angles

• bent

• < 120

name this structure and its angles

• tetrahedral

• 109.5

name this structure and its angles

• trigonal pyramidal

• <109.5

name this structure and its angles

• bent

• < 109.5

formal charge formula

valency - (#sticks around atom + #dots around atom)

when can elements overfill their octet?

when they’re past phosphorus

single bonds

• 1 sigma

• weak

• free rotation

double bonds

• 1 sigma 1 pi

• no free rotation

triple bonds

• 1 sigma 2 pi

• no free rotation

• strong

prefix for 1

meth-

prefix for 2

eth-

prefix for 3

prop-

prefix for 4

but-

prefix for 5

pent-

prefix for 6

hex-

prefix for 7

hept-

prefix for 8

oct-

prefix for 9

non-

prefix for 10

dec-

prefix for ring

cyclo-

ending for single bond

-ane

ending for double bond

-ene

ending for triple bond

-yne

naming a chain with subunit

lead with carbon number placement

ir

higher frequency → faster vibration → stronger bond

hydrogen bonding

hydrogen with

• nitrogen

• oxygen

• fluorine

im forces (strong → weak)

• ion - dipole (ion + polar)

• hydrogen bond

• dipole - dipole (polar + polar)

• ion - induced dipole (ion + nonpolar)

• dipole - induced dipole (polar + nonpolar)

• dispersion

hybridization

• 2 electron groups: sp

• 3 electron groups: sp2

• 4 electron groups: sp3

name the functional group

alkane

name the functional group

alkene

name the functional group

alkyne

name the functional group

ether

name the functional group

amide

name the functional group

ketone

name the functional group

aldehyde

name the functional group

carboxylic acid

name the functional group

ester

name the functional group

alcohol