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Virus
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A non-living infectious agent made of genetic material enclosed in a protein coat, incapable of self-reproduction.
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Capsid
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The protein coat that encloses the genetic material of a virus.
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34 Terms
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1
Virus
A non-living infectious agent made of genetic material enclosed in a protein coat, incapable of self-reproduction.
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2
Capsid
The protein coat that encloses the genetic material of a virus.
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3
Obligate intracellular parasite
An organism that can only replicate within a host cell.
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4
Lytic Cycle
A viral replication cycle where the virus rapidly produces new viruses, causing the host cell to burst.
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5
Lysogenic Cycle
A viral replication cycle where viral DNA integrates into the host genome and remains dormant until becoming active.
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6
Vaccines
Substances that expose the immune system to a harmless form of a virus to build immunity.
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7
Antibiotics
Medications that kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria, but do not work on viruses.
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8
Binary Fission
The most common method of bacterial reproduction where a single bacterium divides into two identical daughter cells.
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9
Eubacteria
True bacteria that are found everywhere, classified under the kingdom Monera.
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10
Archaebacteria
Bacteria that live in extreme environments, such as hot springs and deep-sea vents.
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11
Pili
Hair-like structures on bacteria used for attachment and genetic material exchange.
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12
Flagella
Tail-like structures used by bacteria for movement.
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13
Conjugation
A method of genetic variation in bacteria where two bacteria connect and transfer genetic material.
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14
Transformation
A method where bacteria pick up free DNA from the environment to increase genetic diversity.
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15
Transduction
The process of transferring DNA from one bacterium to another via viruses (bacteriophages).
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16
Nitrogen Fixation
The process by which certain bacteria convert nitrogen gas into forms usable by plants.
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17
Decomposers
Bacteria that break down organic matter and recycle nutrients in the ecosystem.
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18
Pathogens
Harmful bacteria that cause diseases and infections in humans and other organisms.
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19
Antibiotic resistance
The ability of bacteria to resist the effects of antibiotics, often caused by overuse.
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20
Bioremediation
The use of bacteria to clean up environmental contaminants, such as oil spills.
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21
Pasteurization
A process of heating liquids to kill harmful bacteria, commonly used in food safety.
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22
Influenza virus
A specific virus covered by a lipid envelope, responsible for the flu.
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23
Genetic material in viruses
Can be either DNA or RNA, enclosed in the virus’s capsid.
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24
Viral replication cycle
The process through which a virus reproduces inside a host cell, involving attachment, entry, replication, assembly, and release.
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25
Antiviral drugs
Medications that slow down the replication of viruses but do not cure infections.
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26
E. coli
A well-known type of eubacteria found in the intestines of humans and animals.
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27
Lactobacillus
A beneficial bacterium that aids in digestion and is used in food production like yogurt.
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28
Clostridium botulinum
A harmful bacterium that produces botulism toxins.
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29
DNA (Nucleoid Region)
The genetic material in bacteria, usually a single, circular chromosome.
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30
Plasma Membrane
The cell structure that controls the movement of substances in and out of the bacterial cell.
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31
Cytoplasm
The gel-like substance within a bacterial cell that contains enzymes and ribosomes.
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32
Cell Wall
A rigid structure that provides protection and shape to bacterial cells.
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33
Virus mutation
The rapid change in viral genetic material that complicates treatment and vaccine development.
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34
Flu vaccines
Vaccines specifically designed to build immunity against influenza viruses.
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