IMF Test

What are intermolecular forces (IMFs)?

IMFs are attractive or repulsive forces between molecules.

What is the strength comparison of intermolecular forces to intramolecular forces?

Intermolecular forces are weaker than intramolecular forces like covalent bonds.

What are London Dispersion Forces (LDF)?

Temporary fluctuations in electron distribution present in all molecules.

What affects the strength of London Dispersion Forces?

Molecular size and shape; increases with more electrons and larger surface area.

What are Dipole-Dipole Forces?

Forces that occur between polar molecules due to permanent dipoles.

What is hydrogen bonding?

A special type of dipole-dipole interaction involving hydrogen bonded to N, O, or F.

How do stronger intermolecular forces affect boiling and melting points?

Stronger IMFs lead to higher boiling and melting points.

What is the relationship between viscosity and intermolecular forces?

Higher viscosity is observed in substances with stronger intermolecular forces.

What does 'like dissolves like' refer to in terms of IMFs?

Substances with similar types and strengths of IMFs tend to be more soluble in each other.

What primarily affects the strength of dipole-dipole interactions?

The magnitude of the dipole moments.

How does polarizability affect intermolecular forces?

Higher polarizability leads to stronger intermolecular forces.

Which molecule exhibits hydrogen bonding?

Water (H2O) exhibits hydrogen bonding.

Which intermolecular force is present in noble gases?

London Dispersion Forces.

What effect does increasing molecular mass have on London Dispersion Forces?

London Dispersion Forces increase with increasing molecular mass.

What type of intermolecular force is generally the weakest?

London Dispersion Forces are generally the weakest.

Which intermolecular force is responsible for water's high surface tension?

Hydrogen bonding is responsible for water's high surface tension.

Which molecule would have the highest boiling point? (C3H8, C2H5OH, CH3CHO, or C4H10)

C2H5OH (Ethanol) would have the highest boiling point due to hydrogen bonding.

What types of molecules typically interact via hydrogen bonding?

Molecules that have hydrogen bonded to highly electronegative elements (N, O, F).

Define Dipole-Induced Dipole Forces.

Forces that occur when a polar molecule induces a temporary dipole in a nonpolar molecule.

What intermolecular force is primarily responsible for the boiling point of ethanol compared to diethyl ether?

Hydrogen bonding explains why ethanol has a higher boiling point than diethyl ether.

What molecule(s) is most likely to dissolve in water based on intermolecular forces?

Molecules like ammonia (NH3) are most likely to dissolve due to hydrogen bonding.

Which factor is crucial in determining the interaction strength between water and ions?

Ion-dipole forces; the charge and size of the ion affect interaction strength.

What explains the dissolving process of ionic compounds in water?

Ion-dipole attraction explains why water dissolves ionic compounds.

What is the predominant intermolecular force in hexane?

London dispersion forces are the predominant intermolecular force in hexane.