Geological Processes and Rock Types

A set of flashcards covering key terms and definitions related to geological processes, rock types, and their characteristics.

Sheikh Zayed Mosque

A mosque known for its distinctive white SIVEC marble, symbolizing purity and peace.

Igneous rocks

Rocks formed from molten rock that has cooled and solidified.

Magma

Molten rock located underground.

Lava

Molten rock that erupts onto the surface from a volcano.

Extrusive igneous rocks

Rocks formed from lava that cools quickly on the surface.

Intrusive igneous rocks

Rocks formed from magma that cools slowly underground.

Sedimentary rocks

Rocks that form from the accumulation and cementation of sediment.

Weathering

The process of breaking down rocks through natural processes such as freeze-thaw.

Metamorphic rocks

Rocks formed from the alteration of other rocks due to heat and pressure.

Freeze-thaw weathering

A process where water enters cracks in rocks, freezes, expands and eventually causes the rock to split.

Chemical weathering

The alteration of rocks due to chemical reactions, often involving acids.

Erosion

The process of moving rock particles from one location to another, typically by water or wind.

Geological resources

Natural resources found below ground such as minerals and fossil fuels.

Recycling

The process of converting waste into reusable material to reduce pollution and resource consumption.

Cementation

The process by which minerals in sediment harden and bind together to form sedimentary rock.

Abrasion

Erosion caused by rocks scraping against each other, often seen in glacial environments.

Plucking

A process in which a glacier lifts and removes chunks of rock from the ground.