Chapter 3 AP Human Geo (copy)

Acculturation

assimilation to a different culture, typically the dominant one.

Adaptive Strategies

the unique way in which each culture uses its particular physical environment; those aspects of culture that serve to provide the necessities of life- food, clothing, shelter, and defense.

Assimilation

the social process of absorbing one cultural group into harmony with another

Built Environment

The man-made surroundings that provide the setting for human activity, ranging in scale from personal shelter to neighborhoods to the large-scale civic surroundings.

Contagious Diffusion

The rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population.

Colonialism

Attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory.

Culture

Beliefs, customs, and traditions of a specific group of people.

Cultural Adaptation

adjusting to a translation based on the cultural environment of the target language

Cultural Convergence

contact and interaction of one culture and another

Cultural Divergence

the restriction of a culture from outside influences

Cultural Landscape

Fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group.

Cultural Relativism

the practice of judging a culture by its own standards

Diffusion

The process of spread of a feature or trend from one place to another over time

Ethnic Cultures

People of the same ethnicity with shared cultural traits

Expansion Diffusion

The spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in a snowballing process.

Folk Culture

Culture traditionally practiced by a small, homogeneous, rural group living in relative isolation from other groups.

Folklore

The traditional beliefs, myths, tales, and practices of a people, transmitted orally.

Globalization

Actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope.

Hierarchical Diffusion

the spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places

Imperialism

A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

Indigenous Communities

where people of Aboriginal culture are encouraged to live in such a way that their cultural identity and heritage are preserved for future generations.

Land Use Patterns

Exploitation of land for agricultural, industrial, residential, recreational, or other purposes. Increasing population and industrial expansion

Multiculturalism

a condition in which ethnic groups exist separately and share equally in economic and political life

Material Culture

the art, housing, clothing, sports, dances, foods, and other similar items constructed or created by a group of people

Nonmaterial Culture

The beliefs, practices, aesthetics, and values of a group of people.

Relocation Diffusion

The spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another.

Placelessness

the loss of uniqueness of place in the cultural landscape so that one place looks like the next

Popular Culture

Culture found in a large, heterogeneous society that shares certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics.

Postmodern Architecture

blends historical architecture with modern touches

Sense of Place

The feeling that an area has a distinct and meaningful character

Sequent Occupance

the notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape

Stimulus Diffusion

The spread of an underlying principle, even though a specific characteristic is rejected.

Syncretism

a blending of beliefs and practices from different religions into one faith

Time Space Convergence

The idea that distance between some places is actually shrinking as technology enables more rapid communication and increased interaction among those places

Traditional Architecture

traditional building styles of different cultures, religions, and places

Urbanization

An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements.

Centripetal Forces

Forces that tend to unite or bind a country together.

Centrifugal Forces

Forces that tend to divide a country.

Ethnic Neighborhoods

a neighborhood, typically situated in a larger metropolitan city and constructed by or comprised of a local culture, in which a local culture can practice its customs

Ethnocentrism

Belief in the superiority of one's nation or ethnic group.

Gender

the socially constructed roles and characteristics by which a culture defines male and female

Gender Roles

sets of behavioral norms assumed to accompany one's status as male or female

Race vs. Ethnicity

race related to a person's appearance and ethnicity refers to nationality, culture, and ancestry.

Culture

The shared practices, technologies, attitudes, and behaviors that a group of people transmits from one generation to the next

How does Culture Influence society?

Culture influences society by shaping identity, values, behavior, physical landscapes, social and political systems, economic activities, and how groups interact and adapt across space.

Cultural Relativism

A person’s beliefs, values, and practices should be understood based on that person’s own culture, not judged against another culture.

Are ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism the same?

They are opposites, Ethnocentrism is the belief that one’s culture is superior, and Cultural Relativism is the belief that cultures should not be compared.