Geography

What is Geography?

The science of knowing where things are and why they are there.

Physical Geography

The study of the natural environment including air, water, trees, etc.

Human Geography

The study of how people interact with each other and their environment including culture, foods, politics, etc.

Location

Refers to spatial patterns and relationships.

Absolute Location

A fixed point determined using latitude and longitude.

Relative Location

The location of a place in relation to another place.

Spatial Patterns

How things are arranged in space or geographic areas.

Map Projection

A method used to transfer the 3-dimensional Earth’s surface to a flat 2-dimensional map.

GIS

Geographic Information Systems; technology used to analyze and visualize geographic data.

Food Insecurity

The disruption of food intake or eating patterns due to lack of money and resources.

Food Desert

Geographic areas without access to fresh, healthy, affordable food.

Population Density

Average number of people per unit of area, used to describe concentration of people.

Birth Rate

Annual number of live births per 1000 population.

Total Fertility Rate

Average number of children borne to a woman over her lifetime.

Crude Death Rate

Annual number of deaths per 1000 population.

Demographic Transition Model

A model that describes the transition of a country's population from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates.

Migration

The movement of people to new areas or countries for better work or living conditions.

Push Factors

Factors that drive people away from their current location.

Pull Factors

Factors that attract people to a new location.

Intensive Farming

Agriculture using large amounts of labor and capital per unit of land.

Extensive Farming

Agriculture using small amounts of labor and capital on larger areas of land.