week 3 LECTURE studyguide

The basic structural and functional unit of life is the

Cell

The fluid portion inside the cell is called the

Cytoplasm

The framework that helps support the cell and maintain its shape is the

Cytoskeleton

The two main components of the cytoskeleton are _______ and _______

Microfilaments,Microtubules

The process by which cells release substance into the extracellular environment is called

Exocytosis

The process by which cells bring substances into the cell by vesicles is called

Endocytosis

The uptake of extracellular fluid into a cell is called

Pinocytosis

The uptake of large particles into a cell is called

Phagocytosis

The intake of a specific molecule into a cell using membrane receptors is called _____ mediated endocytosis

Receptor

Cells that perform phagocytosis often move by _____ movement

Amoeboid

Phagocytosis is important in body defense removal of old cells and promoting

Healing

Pinocytosis is a type of ______ not exocytosis

Endocytosis

The recycling of cellular proteins that were released and later brought back into the cell is called ____ transport

Retrograde

Stored nutrients or pigments found in the cytoplasm are called

Inclusions

Examples of inclusions include glycogen, melanin, and

Lipids

_____ is not considered an inclusion

Ribosomes

Organelles that contain digestive enzymes are called

Lysosomes

A lysosome containing undigested waste material is called a _____ body

Residual

The destruction of worn out organelles by lysosomes is called

Autophagy

The interior of a lysosome is more _____ than the cytoplasm

Acidic

Organelles that contain oxidative enzymes and produce hydrogen peroxide are called

Peroxisomes

The enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide into harmless substances is

Catalase

Peroxisomes are especially important in the _____ of harmful chemicals

Detoxification

The organelle responsible for energy production is the

Mitochondria

The main energy molecule produced by mitochondria is

ATP

The folded inner membrane of the mitochondrion is called the

Cristae

Most of a persons mitochondria come from the

Mother

Cells that require large amounts of energy usually contain many

Mitochondria

The organelle that services as the site of protein synthesis is the

Ribosomes

Cell that actively make proteins usually contain many

Ribosomes

Cells actively involved in protein production often contain abundant ____ endoplasmic reticulum

Rough

The endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes attached is called _____ ER

Rough

The endoplasmic reticulum without ribosomes attached is called _____ ER

Smooth

Rough ER is primarily involved in ____ synthesis

Protein

Smooth ER is important in lipid synthesis and ____ of chemicals

Detoxification

Individuals using anabolic steroids would likely have increased amounts of ______ ER in liver cells

Smooth

The organelles that modified, sorts, and packages cellular products is the _____ complex

Golgi

The Golgi complex packages products into

Vesicles

Cells involved in detoxification would like contain many _____ and smooth ER

Peroxisomes

Cells with many mitochondria and smooth ER are most likely ____ muscle cells

Skeletal

Cells with high protein production usually contain abundant rough ER and many

Ribosomes

The complete set of genes in an organism is called the

Genome

The complete set of proteins that can be produced is called the

Proteome

One reason the proteome is larger than genome is because mRNA can be _____ in different ways

Spliced

Different protein products can be made from one gene through ____ splicing

Alternative