Minerals

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Last updated 5:31 PM on 11/16/22
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20 Terms

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Luster
The way a mineral reflects light
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Hydrothermal
Relating to the action of heated water in the earth's crust.
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Cleavage
The tendency of a mineral to break along flat surfaces
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Specific Gravity
Density of an object relative to water. No units.
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Mohs scale
Used to determine the hardness of a mineral
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Crystal Form
The appearance of a mineral as determined by its arrangement of atoms
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Streak Test
A test used to find a mineral's powder color, or a mineral's true color
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Fizz test
A test used to see whether a mineral is a carbonate
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Scratch Test
A test used to find mineral hardness
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Fracture
The way a mineral looks when it breaks apart in an irregular way
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Sedimentary
Rock formed when layers of sediments were pressed and cemented together
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Igneous
A type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface
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Metamorphic
Rocks that undergo a physical change due to extreme heat and pressure
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Effervescence
The rapid escape of a gas from the liquid in which it is dissolved
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Natural Elements
The group of minerals that are elemental. Includes Ca, P, K, Fe, etc.
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Silicates
Most common mineral, made of silicon and oxygen. Make up the largest portion of the rocks of the Earth
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Oxides
The ores. These minerals are made of a metal bonded to oxygen. They are smelted to get to the metal.
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Halites
The group of minerals that contain halogens, like NaCl
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Carbonates
Th group of minerals that contain a (CO3)2- group. They fizz when treated with dilute hydrochloric acid.
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Sulfides/Sulfates
Sulfur containing mineral. Tend to be lustrous. Galena and Fool's Gold are examples.

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