chapter 16 & 17 Reproductive Systems & Development and Aging

Know the anatomy of male and female reproductive systems

male

seminal vesicle

vas deferens

epididymis

bulbourethral gland

testis

scrotum

ejaculatory duct

female

oviduct

ovary

Cervix

uterus

clitoris

vagina

1. SEMINAL SECRETE FRUCTOSE-sugar for energy and prostaglandins for muscle contraction.

2. PROSTATE GLAND SECRETES-some substances that is alkaline in semen to help buffer the acidic environment that the sperm encounter in the female reproductive tract

3. BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS SECRETES-mucus-rich fluid into the urethra. This fluid neutralizes acids and any trace of urine in the urethra.

What are the glands that add to the seminal fluid and what is the purpose of each secretion

What are the different parts of a male sperm cell?

acrosome --the cap of the head of a sperm cell; it contains enzymes.

The tail or flagellum with its core of microtubules.

midpiece with mitochondria. for energy ATP

Know which hormones come from the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary glands.

growth hormone GH, thyroid-stimulating hormone TSH, adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH, follicle-stimulating hormone FSH, luteinizing hormone LH, and prolactin PRL.

What are the stages of the female's menstrual cycle and what is happening in each phase?

The fertile period for a human female occurs on a cyclic basis

Menstrual cycle lasts about 28 days

Menstrual phase

Proliferative phase

Endometrium builds up

Ovulation occurs

Progestational (or Luteal phase)

Corpus Luteum forms

Endometrium is ready for implantation

What is the difference between an ovarian follicle and a corpus luteum?

ovarian follicle is a fluid-filled sac that contains an immature egg, or oocyte. ...

corpus luteum is secreted progesterone tissue left over after ovulation

What are all the hormones that assist the male in reproduction system. Include the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland

leydig cells--cells associated with seminiferous tubules and that secretes testosterone; also called interstitial cells.

sertoli cells-- cells in seminiferous tubules that produce substances that nourish developing sperm.

testosterone--sex hormone that governs the growth, form, and functions of the male reproduction tract.

What is a zygote?

A fertilized egg is called a zygote

What is a blastocyst

what gets implanted

What is a morula

16 to 32 celle linked

What stage is an oocyte halted in prior to menses

meiosis 1

What stage is an oocyte halted in right before fertilization

meiosis 2

At what stage in the menstrual cycle will you find the corpus luteum?

progestational/laurel

Know the three layers that result from gastrulation and what they will form.

ectoderm-skin and brain

mesoderm- muscles,bone, cartilage

endoderm-organs

What is the process of gastrulation and how does it change the morula?

Gastrulation is a phase in embryonic development during which the single layered blastula develops into a three layered gastrula.

What happens during morphogenesis?

Body tissue turn into organs

Read about telomeres on pg. 350

Know the extra embryonic layers and what the chorion and allantois will become.

chorion- will form the placenta

allantois-will form the umbilical cord

yolk sac

amnion

Hormones that control milk production and letdown.

prolactin & oxytocin

Know the stages and steps in labor.

cervical canal dilater

amniotic sac ruptures

uterine contractions

placenta is expelled (after birth)

What is HCG and what does it do?

is the hormone released by the blastocyst & chorion is hcg tissue that get into the woman's blood steam and shows she pregnant

hcg is what is tested to see if a woman is pregnant.

What are some of the parts of what are known as "extraembryonic layers"

chorion- is formed from the placenta

allantois-is formed from the umbilical cord

yolk sac

amnion

What is a telomere and how does that affect our longevity?

are call junk DNA at the end of cell to protect the real information as cell duplicate.