COMM 438: Propaganda Dr.Crick Exam #2

Identification

symbolic process by which 2 or more individuals become consubstantial and therefor unified as a group.

Ex. People who love Dr.Pepper- 2 "Peppers" have achieved Identification

Granfalloons

A broad, shallow, and easily marked grouping of relative strangers

Ex. Sport fans

Institutional Authority

authorities backed by institutions wield social power

Ex. Bosses, Police Officers, Teachers

Persuasive Authority

symbolic appeals to values, aims, and knowledge to convince people to voluntary adopt certain practices and adhere to particular rules

Ex. White House enlisted persuasive authorites to get younger gen vaccinated

Authentic Personality

Unique and striking character that feels to be an expression of a real and permanent substance that is neither superficial nor ephemeral

Ex. Samuel Adams Brewery

Glittering Generalities

broad value of terms that lack any specific denotation yet create a positive or a defining and inspiring yet vague ideal

Ex. Freedom

Generosity

associates one's name with interests and qualities of something that ideally, reflect's one's own commitments

Ex. Sponsorships, Charities, Volunteering

Media Events

active happening intentionally designed to draw the attention of the news

Ex. Boston Tea Party

Spokespeople

any individual who speaks in support of or on behalf of another individual or group

Ex. NBA Star Dennis Rodman cultural ambassador for North Korea

Overhearing

convey's what appears to be one's real opinion through a private communication that is made inadvertently broadcast to public

Ex. hot mics, hidden cameras, declassified documents

Self-sacrifice

individual gives up something one genuinely treasures for the sake of benefitting the cause

Ex. war

Division

exploits natural human impulse to side with identified group against a competitor

Ex. "racism"

Sign

an index in the material world that is directly indicates the presence of something else

Ex. smell of salt air -> ocean

Symbol

only an arbitrary connection with its object dictated by convention and use

Ex. word "smoke" -> calls to mind image of actual smoke

Known

we perceive before us and what we take for granted

ex. Sense perception, pre-existing beliefs

Unknown

which isn't immediately present to our awareness

ex. something hidden, distant, intangible, or absent

Packaging

specifically easily recognizable by a mass audience as satisfying or threatening some interest

Ex. Musician performing sold out concerts to not being recognized performing in the subway

Cliches

condensed catchy phrase that defines a meaning of an experience

Ex. Just Do It

Euphemisms

to make something scary into mundane so attention can be turned to other things

Ex. shell shock, battle fatigue

Vivid Appeal

highly detailed specific dramatic example of some event to stand in for an entire range of experiences

Ex. Bush's campaign- weak on prison policies

Anchoring

represents notion that people tend to prioritize certain facts that spring to mind first because they are familiar, proximate, prior

Ex. Statue turned Bruno into champion of Italian Unity

Card Stacking

deliberate ordering of facts so the first piece of data becomes the standard which stuff is judged by

Ex. Pharmaceutical ads- stress difficulties of people suffering then make the drug an amazing solution

Question Asking

question and answer format to more directly implicate the audience in the process of judgment

Ex. asking a series of leading questions

Decoy

provides a point of comparison and contrast to make another similar option appear superior

Ex. Brand New Car with zero miles next to a car with 20,000 for similar prices and then a rusty old car

Analogy

more familiar image and then judges the subject matter of our concern by that standard

Ex. icy mountain -> cold and crisp

Factoids

unproven and often unverifiable piece of information popularized by press for the scandal, controversy, and shock

Ex. fake news, rumours,

Compliance

encourages people to follow up behaviors based on feelings of obligation to meet the social expectations of others

Foot in the Door

asks people for small initial commitment to only follow up, after a delay, with more demanding request

Door in the Face

high demand that is rejected, then folled by vastly diminished demand that is made to appear as a "sacrifice" that warrants a return favor

Lowballing

makes low demand of money, time, or resources that will be accepted only to add more demands to the initial price after a delay

That's Not All

product or idea is sold at specific price then stuff is later added for "free"

Mood

pervasive feeling experienced by a person

Affect

dominant quality of an event or object that strikes the viewer during a relatively immediate encounter and provokes some kind of impulsive reaction

Emotion

dramatized feelings accompanied by pain and pleasure that orient individuals to objects, actions, events and people

Quality

dominant quality a thing possess, highly specific term

Valence

positive or negative orientation of a quality at it is received by the viewer

Arousal

degree that affects are felt to be weak or powerful as an experience

Desire

active impulse to possess or experience something we perceive to be lacking

Fear

unpleasant emotion caused by anticipation of harm that will bring pain and suffering

Guilt

painful feeling of wrongdoing in which people feel to have judged their actions to be some violation of a deeply held value

Anger

emotion characterized by antagonism toward someone or something that you have perceived as deliberately done to you or someone you care about harm

Guilt: Value

image of an ideal that is actively sought after and treasured by an individual

Guilt: Violation

specific act that has either contradicted or at least not lived up to the standard of the value

Guilt: Judgement

determination by oneself that this violation was not justified or excusable

Fear: Harm

capable of being imagined as causing significant pain, physical or emotional

Fear: Proximity

enough that it may actually happen, thus bringing harm close rather than some far-off impossibility

Fear: Care

aspect of that person or group one cares most about

Anger: Harm, Cause, and Intention

anger must percieve some actual or impending harm on someone you care about, attribute that harm to a cause, and see the source of that cause as intending that harm