Extra Credit 1

The building block of fats is (are)

fatty acids

Carbohydrates may function as

short term and long-term energy sources

Which of the following exhibits a tertiary structure?

enzymes

These contains enzymes used in the breakdown of glucose and generation of ATP (energy)

mitochondria

Tube-like structures used to move chromosomes in a cell during cell division

microtubules

These contain enzymes and are referred to as garbage disposals of the cell

lysosomes

The following are products of fermentation EXCEPT

Fresh Milk

During the folding of DNA into discrete chromosomes, DNA is first condensed into small repeating units called ____.

nucleosomes

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes share many characteristics EXCEPT eukaryotes have _____.

rough endoplasmic reticula

Proteins are formed from monomers of ___ joined by ____ bonds.

amino acids, peptide

The ultimate source of energy for living things on earth is ___.

the sun.

Patients with sickle cell anemia carry a defective gen that codes for the protein globin. This mutation results in an altered protein which

changes the 3D shape of the red blood cell

Which of the following is a carbohydrate that functions in providing plant support and strength?

cellulose

Which of the following is an autotroph?

Plants

Which portion of an enzyme is most important to its function?

The 3D structure of its active site.

Scientists have discovered that a prion protein which causes Creutzfeldt Jacob Syndrome (similar to mad cow disease) is found in both patients with and without the disease. How do scientists explain this unexpected finding? The important distinction between the disease-causing protein and the non-disease causing protein lies in _____.

the differences in 3D conformation between the proteins

Some man-made materials in our environment are considered to be hormone disrupters because of their structural similarity to estrogen. They are suspected of interfering with our hormonal and immune systems. Some examples are:

plastics and insecticides

Changing one amino acid withing a protein can change what property about a protein?

The overall shape and function of the protein

The difference between DNA and RNA lies in

a base, a sugar, and strandedness

Which of the following provides the fluidity in cell membranes?

Phospholipids

“Naked” double stranded DNA is condensed into smaller discrete chromosomes during cell division. How long is human somatic DNA if it is stretched out without any secondary or tertiary structure

None of the answers presented here

1000, 100, 10 microns

10 meters

Antabuse (a drug used in the treatment of chronic alcoholism) works by binding to the _____ of the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase. This type of reaction is called ____.

active site, competitive inhibition

A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical or physical techniques is an _____.

element

Four elements make up more than 96% of the mass of most living organisms. Which of the following is NOT one of those four elements?

sodium

A pH of 6 is ____ times more _____ than a pH of 2.

10,000;basic

What is the ultimate fate of oxygen gas in cellular respiration?

It is converted to water

During which of the following processes is ATP NOT made?

glycolysis

The final product of glycolysis is _____.

Two molecules of pyruvate

Which product of photosynthesis is used for animal cellular respiration?

oxygen

Anaerobic respiration generates net ______ molecules of ATP from one molecule of glucose

2

Which of the following depicts the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration?

glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, citric acid cycle, electron transport

Brown fat is abundant in newborns and hibernating animals. Its primary function is to _____.

generate heat

Its has been thought that many disease now associated with aging are related to the malfunctioning mitochondria. Why are the mitochondria so important to all cells?

They produce most of the energy required in the body.

In a recent murder mystery, a woman died within minutes after consuming cyanide laced sugar. Forensic investigators found out that death was caused by a lack of ATP. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for the drop in ATP level?

Electrons were blocked from being passed to oxygen

Which organelle is responsible for the bumper sticker “Have you thanked a green plant today?”

Chloroplast

Isotopes of the same element differ from each other in the number of

neutrons only

Most life on Earth depends on a process that combines water and carbon dioxide to make carbon-based compounds (e.g. carbohydrates). This is called

photosynthesis

Which of the following statements about irradiation of food is true?

Irradiation kills most bacteria and parasites in food

In total, how many ATP molecules are produces by cellular respiration?

32

In many animals this polysaccharide is found in large quantities in liver and muscle cells. it is highly branched with many alpha (1-4) and alpha (1-6) linkages.

glycogen

Fats are polymers of

None of these

Steroids, monosaccharides, amino acids, and nucleotides

Which of the following is true of ethanol fermentation?

produces alcohol

In what part of the mitochondrion does Glycolysis take place?

cytosol