WH Age of Exploration

caravel

European ship with Arab lateen or triangular sails.

cartographers

 a person who makes maps

maritime

anything connected with the sea, ships, shipping, navigation, or people who work on or near the water

compass

An instrument containing a metal pointer used to locate the direction of north, south, east, and west.

astrolabe

An instrument used to determine latitude at sea

prince henry

Portuguese prince and patron of explorers who helped his father capture the Moroccan city of Ceuta.

columbus

An italian navigator who wanted to reach the indies by sailing across the Atlantic, instead he found the americas.

african theory

a theory developed by henry the navigator that said you could travel around africa to get to the spice islands

columbus theory

said that you could reach the spice islands if you just continued sailing wast, this was incorrect

Bartholomew Diaz

Student of Henry the Navigator as a Portuguese explorer who Sailed around the Southern coast of Africa and Named it the Cape of Good Hope

Vasco da Gama

a Portuguese navigator that led 4 ships around the Cape of Hope in 1497

cape

a highpoint of land that narrowly extends to a body of water

San Salvador

The island in the Bahamas where Columbus first landed (originally Guanahani).

tainos

Native American group encountered by Columbus when he first arrived in the West Indies.

puerto rico

a self-governing Caribbean archipelago, an unincorporated territory of the United States

magellan

first person to circumnavigate the earth in 1522, discovered and named the pacific ocean

pedro Cabral

portuguese explorer, sailed off course and landed in south America, he claimed brazil for portugal

amerigo vespucci

Italian sea caption who was the first to realize Columbus had entered a new hemisphere. He charted a map designating the different continents, Americas, Europe, and Africa. The americas is named after him

americas

the combined landmasses of North America, Central America, and South America, forming a single supercontinent in the Western Hemisphere, named after explorer Amerigo Vespucci

western Hemisphere

Columbus discovered lands in the western hemisphere in 1492. He made landfall on an island in the Bahamas, which he named San Salvador, on October 12, 1492

name means "peaceful sea," coined by explorer Ferdinand Magellan in 1520 who found calm waters after a difficult journey through the Strait of Magellan. It is the world's largest and deepest ocean, stretching from Asia and Australia to the Americas, but its "peaceful" name ironically contrasts with its often stormy nature and history

pacific ocean

spanish conquerors who arrived in the americas

conquistadors

original or native to a country or region

indigenous

representatives of provinces

viceroy

a land owner in Cuba who was one of the earliest conquistadors

Hernan Cortez

Aztecs

Mesoamerican civilization who dominated central Mexico from 14th to the 16th century.

moctezuma

an aztec emperor

a spaniard who established the city of Lima

Franscico Pizzaro

Incas

An indigenous people who built the largest empire in pre-Columbian America

Atahualpa

an incan emperor who was killed by conquistadors led by Francisco Pissaro

Ponce de Leon

a Spanish explorer and conquistador known for leading the first official European expedition to Puerto Rico in 1508 and Florida in 1513

geopolitical

relating to politics, especially international relations, as influenced by geopolitical factors

encomiendas

the right to demand land or tribute from Native Americans in a particular area. 

circumnavigate

sailing around the globe

mission

Important assignment carried out for political, religious, or commercial purposes, typically involving travel.

missionary

Someone sent to do religious work in a territory or foreign country

peninsulares

people born in Spain with high positions in colonial governments and the catholic church

creole

american-born descendants of spanish settlers

mestizo

people of native american and european descent

mulatto

people of African and European descent

effects of Spanish colonization

1. A catastrophic population decline for indigenous peoples due to disease

2. Forced labor & tribute effects of the encomienda system

3. Diminishing aspects of Native American culture

4. Exploitative social class hierarchy system

• Peninsulares, creoles, mestisos, mulattoes

5. Spanish global power through wealth and resources of the americans

• Why do we set aside November 11th each year to celebrate Veteran’s Day?

It commemorates the armistice signed on November 11, 1918 and marks the end of fighting on the western front. It was expanded to honor all veterans from all American wars

How did transformation of the Americas through Spanish dominance impact Europe?

Large profits from new trade routes.

Vast growth of European economies, mostly through trade and colonization in the Americas.

Gained thorough new crops, resources, and land.