Sociology (gender roles, domestic labour, power relations

Functionalist views on domestic divisions of labour (parsons) nuclear family

Husband and wife have designated roles which are determined by biology. Husband plays instrumental role and wife plays expressive role(housework)

Evaluation of parsons view on division of labour

Wilmott and young say men are now doing more domestic tasks and women do more paid work

Famistis think division of labour is a social construct

Feminist view on domestic division of labour

Liberal- adopt march of progress view(more women in paid work

Radical& Marxist- say there’s little change in position of women (households are patriarchal and dual burden

Sociologist who believe in march of progress

• wilmott and young

• Sullivan

• British social attitudes

• Future foundation

Sociologists who think there’s little change

• Oakley

• Dex and ward

• Houchschild

• Southerton

• Parsons

Reasons for increase in symmetrical nuclear family 2

• changes in women’s position

• New technology saving labour time

Wilmott and hound march of progress view

• see family as gradually improving

• Men were breadwinners and had more leisure time

• Women were caregivers and sole responsibility was housework and childcare

Sullivan view of march of progress

• study of equal division of labour and men participation in traditional women tasks

British social attitudes march of progress view

Survey which shows that there’s a fallin number of men earring money for family

Future foundations generational shift

• study of 1.000 adults found that 60% do more housework than women

Oakley(feminist) families aren’t equal equal

Feminists argue that society is male dominated and is root of unequal division of labour

• Oakley criticises Wilmott and young and believes father role was only taking an interest so they don’t do house work all the time

Dex and ward (childcare) families aren’t equal

Found that fathers had high involvement in 3 year olds but only 1% took responsibility when child is sick

Hochschild (families aren’t equal)

Women provide emotion work (duncombe and marsden women do triple shift)

Explaining gender division of labour (cultural)

Due to patriarchal norms and values so women provide domestic labour because society expects them to

Explaining gender division of labour(material)

women earn lower

Evidence for cultural explanation gershuny

Gradual shift Is termed lagged adaptation, time lag between taking up paid employment and men contributing to domestic labour

Evidence for maternal explanations (man yee kan)

Even though women are now working they still do childcare so dual burden- every 10,000 pond more earned 2 hours less housework is done

Material evidence for gender division (Arber and gin, silver and schor)

Arber and gin- high standard of living (wc women can’t afford childcare so stuck in cycle of low pay and part time jobs)

Silver and schor- new technology ( housework is commerciallised which reduces labour)

Researching conjugal roles 4

Time

Urgency

Responsibility and help

Job satisfaction

Desicbe the 4 research of conjugal roles

Time- women underestimate time taken on labour while men overestimate (pleck) child

Urgency- the amount of time tasks done is how important it is (McMahon)

Respon- being responsible for task vs help women responsible for cooking men may help with dishes(McMahon)

Job satisfaction- time says women’s tastes are tedious and boring and men’s tasks are fun and creative

2 systems of money management

Allowance system- where men give women allowances to budget for family

Pooling- where both partners have access to income

Inequality’s in money management vogler and Paul cutbacks

Women suffer cutbacks and reduce food

SMART gay couples with equality

Gay/ lesbian couples don’t have issues when it comes to who controls money and sees how there’s greater freedom in same sex couples

Edges decision making

Women did less important decisions like interior decoration while men did buying cars and where to move houses

Hardil et al decision making

Men are still dominant in households as they made the most important less frequent decisions

Domestic violence definition

Any incident or pattern of incidents of controlling coercive threading behaviour

Statistics on domestic violence

269,700 crimes reported to police

Every 30 secs someone calls police

Dark figure of crime defined

Violence never reported to the police or recorded by the police

Reasons why people don’t report domestic violence

Shame

Afraid

Alone

Poverty

Radical feminist millet and firestone explanation to domestic violence

Argue that men are the enemy. Dobash and dobash say it’s patricahcl society that it’s right for men to discipline wives, and domestic violence is always due to wives not meeting men’s expectations

Ao3 for radical feminist

Male

Also receive domestic violence

Crime survey shows how 18% of men experienced dv

Materialist explanations of dv Wilkinson and Pickett

Say dv is due to stress on family members due to social inequality(men treated rubbish at work so do the same to family at home)

Ao3 materialist explanation

Fails to explain why it is more women rather than men

Marxist explanation of dv (ansley)

Women are takers of shit and dv is product of capitalism as male workers are exploited at work

Groups at risk of dv

Women

Children

Working class

What is Clare’s law

Information t that can protect someone from being a victim of attack so they know partners old crimes