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18 Terms
1
What is the genome?
The entire genetic material of an organism.
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2
What are chromosomes?
Genetic structures occurring in functional pairs in the nucleus of cells, except in gametes and bacteria.
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3
What are genes and alleles?
Genes are sections of chromosomes made of short lengths of DNA that operate as functional units to control characteristics; alleles are different forms of the same gene.
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4
What is the structure of DNA?
DNA consists of a phosphate and sugar (deoxyribose) backbone with interlinking bases that form a double helix.
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5
What is mitosis?
A type of cell division that produces daughter cells genetically identical to the parent cell.
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6
What does meiosis produce?
Meiosis produces four genetically different haploid daughter cells.
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7
What is a monohybrid cross?
A genetic diagram that represents the inheritance of a single characteristic controlled by a single gene with two alleles.
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8
What is the base triplet hypothesis?
The idea that each sequence of three bases on DNA codes for one amino acid.
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9
What is genetic screening?
A process used to test a fetus or person for the presence of harmful alleles or other genetic abnormalities.
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10
What is genetic engineering?
The deliberate modification of the genome of an organism to introduce desirable characteristics.
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11
How is human insulin produced using genetic engineering?
By transferring a human insulin gene into a plasmid of a bacterial cell to form a genetically modified bacterium that can produce insulin.
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12
What is a Test Cross?
A method to determine an unknown genotype by crossing it with a homozygous recessive individual.
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13
How are sex chromosomes distinguished in humans?
Humans have 22 pairs of normal chromosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes (XY for males, XX for females).
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14
What is an example of a sex-linked condition?
Color blindness and hemophilia.
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15
What genetic condition is caused by a recessive allele on the X chromosome?
Hemophilia.
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16
What is Down's syndrome?
A genetic condition caused by an extra chromosome, resulting in individuals having 47 chromosomes instead of 46.
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17
What ethical issues are associated with genetic screening?
Concerns about who decides testing, risks of procedures, and implications for genetic information privacy.
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18
What is the main advantage of using genetically engineered insulin?
There is no risk of transmitting animal diseases and it can be produced in large quantities.
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