Cell Cycles (Cell Division)

Cell Division Mitosis: 4 phases

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Teleaphase

M (Mitosis) phase

the division of nucleus, in which the duplicated DNA is distributed to new daughter cells

M (mitotic) phase 2 distinct events

Mitosis and Cytokinesis

Early prophase

Chromatin condenses, forming visible chromosomes, and each chromosome and its duplicate sister chromatids are held together by a centromere

centromere

serves as the attachment point for spindle fibers during cell division

Late prophase

Nuclear envelope breaks up

Metaphase

Centromeres of chromosomes are precisely aligned at cell’s equator

Anaphase

Centromeres split, sister chromatids become separate chromosomes (Shortest of all phases)

Telophase

New nuclear membranes form around each chromatin mass, Nucleoli reappear, the Spindle disappears, and the chromosomes uncondense

Cytokinesis

Cleavage furrows create two daughter cells after being pinched apart

Cell Division checkpoints

cell division processes are checked and, if faulty, stopped until repairs are made (G₁ checkpoint most important)