Science 14 - Solutions and Separation Methods

Vocabulary flashcards based on the Science 14 lecture notes covering solutions, solutes, solvents, and methods for separating heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures.

Solute

A substance that can be dissolved and broken down, appears in smaller amounts, and can exist as a solid, liquid, or gas.

Solvent

A substance that dissolves another substance, found in larger amounts, mostly present as a liquid (such as water) but can also be a gas or solid.

Soluble

Capable of being dissolved in a liquid, such as salt dissolving in water.

Filtration

A technique that separates insoluble solids from a liquid using a porous barrier.

Decantation

A technique that separates a less dense liquid from a more dense liquid or solid.

Centrifugation

A technique that separates mixtures by spinning, forcing denser liquid to the bottom.

Sieving

A technique that separates different sized solids using a mesh screen.

Magnetism

A technique that separates magnetic components from non-magnetic ones.

Flotation

A technique that separates solid materials based on which components float and which do not.

Evaporation

A separation method using heat where the liquid turns into gas, leaving behind only the solid.

Crystallization

A separation method that works by cooling a heated saturated solution to form crystals.

Distillation

A separation method where liquid is heated until boiling, and the vapors are collected and condensed back into a liquid.

Fractional Distillation

A separation method that separates liquids based on their boiling points using a fractionating column.

Chromatography

A separation method that passes a mixture through a medium (like paper or gel) where substances travel different distances at different speeds based on pigmentation.