ap chem un 1

Erlenmeyer flask

Holding solutions when conical shape is

advantageous *NOT USED FOR MEASURING

Beaker

Hold and heat solutions *NOT USED FOR MEASURING

Volumetric flask

Prepare solutions of various concentrations

accurately. Only TOTAL volume can be measured

Graduated cylinder

Measuring volumes of liquids.

Generally less accurate than pipettes and

burets

Graduated glass pipette (pipet)

Accurate measure and transfer of liquids.

Volumetric glass pipette (pipet)

Accurate measure and transfer of liquids for ONE SPECIFIED VOLUME

Electron Configuration

D block elements lose their outer s electrons before any d electrons.

1st Paired Electron Orbital Rule

Electrons being removed in an ionization process is paired with another in one of the p orbitals will result in repulsion. This means the electron will be easily lost, so the ionization energy will be lower for that orbital or that electron.