Unit 3 Review Flashcards

Flashcards covering key concepts from Unit 3 concerning land-based empires and their expansion, administration, and conflicts.

What were the four land-based empires of Unit 3 that are important to know?

Ottoman, Mughal, Safavid, and Qing Dynasty

What methods did the Ottoman Empire use to expand its territory?

Gunpowder and the enslavement of Christian boys who were converted to Islam and formed the Janissaries.

What was a significant difference between the Ottoman and Safavid empires in terms of religious beliefs?

The Ottomans were Sunni Muslims (successor of Muhammad could be anyone), while the Safavids were Shia Muslims (only blood relatives of Muhammad were legitimate successors).

Who led campaigns against the Delhi Sultanate, leading to the period of Mughal rule?

Babur

What characterized the Qing Dynasty's expansion?

Gunpowder and military strength after the Manchu saw the Ming Dynasty weaken.

What did the Safavid and Mughal empires fought over?

Territory, specifically the area now known as Afghanistan, in an attempt to establish dominance.

How did rulers legitimize their power?

Through administrative methods, development of military professionals, religious ideas/art/monumental architecture, and innovations in tax systems.

What examples of tax systems were used by empires to generate revenue?

Zamindar system (Mughal), Ottoman tax farming, and Aztec tribute system.

How did the Ottoman Empire staff its bureaucracy?

Through the Devshirme system, using enslaved boys to create the Janissaries trained for military and administrative roles.

How did European monarchs sought to legitimize their rule?

Through the divine right of kings, claiming to be God's representatives.

How did the Qing Dynasty legitimize its rule?

Emperor Kangxi used imperial portraits as a PR campaign to convince the Han population that he was legitimate.

What was the Palace of Versailles a symbol of?

The power and authority of the ruler.

What led to a massive split in the Church during the Protestant Reformation?

Martin Luther's complaints and the spread of ideas through the printing press.

What was unique about Sikhism?

A syncretic blend of Hindu and Islamic doctrines, retaining beliefs in one God and reincarnation while discarding gender hierarchies of Islam, and the caste system of Hinduism.

What did Shah Ismael do that put the Safavid at odds with the Sunni Muslim empires?

Declared that the Safavid would adhere to Shi'a Islam and killed Sunni who resisted publically.