PILGRIMAGE OF GRACE

When did the Lincolnshire revolt begin?

30th September 1536

How did the Lincolnshire revolt begin?

collected the keys of the church and handed them to shoemaker ‘captain cobbler’

What were the lincolnshire rebels upset about?

Cromwell’s commissioners who visited the local church

What happened in Lincolnshire on Monday 2nd October?

arrived at Louth, crowd marched to Caistor, where the kings commissioners were present , joined by a large group of armed men and Thomas Percy, Lords Huntingdon and Shrewsbury join the rebels

What did Russell and Parr do in Lincolnshire on the king’s orders?

blocked the great north road at Stamford wih a large armed force in order to prevent access to London

How did Henry deal with Lincolnshire?

answers were read out in Loncolnshire Cathedral, stated that prince’s counsellors and bishops should never be appointed bu the commoners, executions occured including the vicar of louth and the ccobbler

When was the Yorkshire rebellion?

12th october 1536

What was Robert Aske’s job?

London barrister

How many rebeles initially marched on York?

9,000

Which castle’s initially held out against the Yorkshire rebels?

Scaraborough and Skipton

How long did it take for the gates of York to open to the Yorkshire rebels and to how many of them?

a week, 20,000

What did Aske do as soon as the Yorkshire rebels enter york?

arranged for expelled monks and nuns to return to their houses, kings tenants were driven out and religious observsnces resumed

What other uprisings were caused due to the Yorkshire rebellion?

by 23rd october, 30-40,000 gathered at Hull and Pontefract who lacked troops to resist the rebels

How did the Pope react to the Yorkshire rebellion?

gave powers to reginald Pole and sent him to Flanders to wait to cross to England and lead the rising given it’s religious views

Who was at the Pontefract conference?

2 hundred representatives of peers, knights, gentry and commons

Who was admitted to meet Aske following the Pontefract conference?

a herald from the Duke of Norfolk but on hearin the proclomation refused to allow it to be published

What did the rebels do after the Pontefract articles?

30,000 rebels marched to take possession of Doncaster, met by Norfolk

What was agreed by norfolk and Shrewsbury in the armisitice following Doncaster?

pardons, york parliament, mary reinstated, commissioners prosecuted, Cromwell removed from council, heretical books suppressed, papal authority re established, dissolution reversed and some acts reversed

How did henry finally deal with the Yorkshire rebels?

after the rebels denied the pardon, the king promised a york parliament which would discuss the grievances, royal mercy extended to all rebels and they dispersed

How did Cumberland respond after the kings failed promises following Yorkshire?

sir Bigod led an uprising in beverly, attempted to capture Hull and Carlisle failed, retreated and intercepted by Norfolk

How did Henry respond to the cumberland uprising?

saw it as a breach of the amnesty given, hundreds executed, judjes coerced into sentences,Aske was killed,

Who had more power, the rebels or the royal army, who acted?

the rebels but didn’t act against the king

What happened to smaller monastries that the rebels restored?

remained open

Where did Aske go following the royal pardon?

London, where he spent christmas at court

How big was the POG?

biggest rebellion ever faced the Tudors, 30k in Yorkshire, 40k in lincolnshir and 15k in Cumberland

How quickly did the army disperse?

within 2 weeks

How many rebels were executed?

100 in London and 74 in Carlisle (small)

Why was the Cumberland uprising quite seperate?

for Bigod, it was a matter of principle

What finicial issues did the POG stop for a while?

rack renting and entry fines, stopped 1534 subsidy

Which key member of the nobility supported the POG, how?

Lord darcy, giving them Pontefract caastle ‘gateway to the south’

was the fall of Cromwell to do with the POG?

NO!

What was Henry’s compromise for the POG?

1537 Bishops book

What was the pilgrim view of Henry?

respectful, never actually threatened him

What was initialy threatening about the POG?

spead of the organisation

What foreign involvement never occured?

Charles V, despite being urged to by Chapuys

Was the uprising reactionary or revolutionary?

reactionary

How did the government urge Henry to action?

propaganda leaflet ‘a remedy for sedition’

What does Bush say about the POG?

the governemnt was forced to negotiate with them

How did Henry strengthen control of the north?

1537 - council of Northeren England was strengthened

Why was religion a dangerous casue?

united all social classes

Which gentry memebrs were involved, what does this mean?

Danby, Latimer and Hussey, nobody to suppress the rebellion

How many regional armies were there in Northeren England?

nine

What does Elton say about the causesof the POG?

nobles initiated it due to political concerns

What did Henry say about the POG?

downplayed it’s seriousness

Key points of the Pontefract articles?

ban heretical literature, reinstate Mary, reopen monastries, pardons, prosecute cromwell, Leigh and Layton, reverse some acts

What was on the rebels banner?

the 5 wounds of christ

What do the Dodds say about the causes of the POG?

it was a popular revolt, impact of the people and not the nobles

What was the north like religiously?

conservative

What rumours were spread about parish churches?

henry would order them to hand over their silver and replaced with tin ones

What was the statute of uses?

1536, changed the way property was inherited, resented by the gentry

What did the rebels all swear?

the oath, would not pursue personal aims

What rumour about tax was going around?

tax would be placed on rites of passage

Why did nobles join?

resented their feudla rights being eroded by upstarts (eg Cromwell)

What have Reid and Dickens said about causes of the POG?

social and economic motivations were key

What do Davies, Haigh and scarsibrick say about the causes of the POG?

essentially just a religious uprising

When did the Dodd’s publish their findings?

1915