Exam 4 Full Review

3 F.C sets combined

Who was Ho Chi Minh?

A Vietnamese revolutionary leader who established the Revolutionary League of Youth in 1925 and fought against Japanese occupation during WWII.

What significant event occurred on May 7, 1954, in Vietnam?

The French lost all claims to Indochina when 20,000 French soldiers were captured at Dien Bien Phu.

What was the outcome of the Treaty of Paris regarding Vietnam?

Vietnam was partitioned into North and South at the 17th parallel.

What was the 'Passage to Freedom'?

The movement of 750,000 people from North to South Vietnam after the Vietminh victory, with 310,000 transported by the U.S. 7th fleet in 1954.

What role did President Kennedy play in Vietnam?

He increased U.S. support for South Vietnam and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem, who was later killed in a coup in 1963.

Who was General Vo Nguyen Giap?

A Vietnamese general who led the National Liberation Front (FNL-Viet Cong) and was a victor over the French at Dien Bien Phu.

What was the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution?

A resolution passed in 1964 that gave President Lyndon B. Johnson the power to conduct the Vietnam War as he deemed necessary.

What was General William Westmorland's role in the Vietnam War?

He commanded U.S. forces in Vietnam from 1964-1968 and worked with the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) to defeat the communists.

What was the Tet Offensive?

A major military campaign during the Vietnam War in 1968 that led to increased resistance to the war among the American public.

What was Nixon's policy regarding Vietnam?

Nixon followed a policy of Vietnamization, aiming to reduce U.S. involvement in the war.

What was the impact of the Vietnam War on American society?

The war caused Americans to question U.S. involvement in the Cold War and exposed internal dissension, leading to class conflict.

How many American soldiers served in the Vietnam War, and how many were killed?

Approximately 2 million served, with 58,000 killed, predominantly from working-class and minority backgrounds.

What was the significance of the Watergate scandal for Nixon?

It politically crippled Nixon, contributing to the fall of South Vietnam to the communists in 1975.

What lessons were learned from the Vietnam War?

The war highlighted the immorality of fighting without a coherent strategy or the will to win.

What organizations supported the communists during the Vietnam War?

Groups like the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) and the Black Panthers.

What was the demographic impact of the Vietnam War on American communities?

The exodus of South Vietnamese to America altered many American communities.

What term first appeared in the New York Daily News on January 6, 1946, reflecting American fear of the Soviet Union?

The Communist Menace

Who was the American general known for his handling of Japan after World War II?

General Douglas McArthur

What was the purpose of the meeting of the 'Big Three' at Yalta in February 1945?

To discuss the end of World War II and post-war arrangements.

What did Stalin promise at the Yalta Conference that he ultimately did not fulfill?

Open elections in his section.

What military alliance was formed by the Allies in response to Soviet actions after World War II?

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

What was the name of the military alliance formed by the Soviets?

The Warsaw Pact

Who delivered the famous Iron Curtain Speech warning about the Soviet Union?

Sir Winston Churchill

What was the Marshall Plan?

A U.S. initiative to fund reconstruction efforts in Europe after World War II.

What strategy did George Kennan advocate for in the context of the Cold War?

Containment strategy

What does MAD stand for in the context of nuclear deterrence?

Mutually Assured Destruction

Who were Julius and Ethel Rosenberg?

Individuals convicted of espionage and executed in 1951.

What was the Loyalty-Security Program of 1947?

A program that investigated federal employees for security risks.

What major infrastructure act did Eisenhower sign in 1956?

The National Interstate Highways Act

What educational initiative was established to support soldiers returning from World War II?

The Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944, commonly known as the G.I. Bill.

What demographic trend occurred in the United States after World War II?

The baby boom, characterized by a significant increase in birth rates.

What cultural shift occurred in the 1950s regarding religion in America?

An increase in mega church construction and the rise of evangelists like Billy Graham.

What was the impact of the Cold War on U.S. military spending?

It entrenched high levels of military spending, leading to the Military Industrial Complex.

What was the significance of the National Defense Education Act of 1958?

It increased spending on science education in response to the launch of Sputnik.

Who was Benito Mussolini?

The leader of Italy who promoted fascism in Europe.

What was the Munich Agreement?

A 1938 agreement where Britain allowed Hitler to take Czechoslovakia's Sudetenland in exchange for a promise of peace.

What was the significance of the Nazi-Soviet Pact?

An August 1939 non-aggression pact between Germany and the Soviet Union that included a secret plan to divide Poland.

What did the Nye Commission conclude about U.S. involvement in WWI?

It concluded that U.S. involvement was encouraged by industry.

What was the purpose of the Neutrality Acts?

To prevent U.S. involvement in foreign conflicts by restricting trade and travel with warring nations.

What event prompted the U.S. to enter World War II?

The attack on Pearl Harbor by Japan on December 7, 1941.

What was the Battle of Midway?

A pivotal naval battle in June 1942 where the U.S. defeated Japan, marking a turning point in the Pacific War.

What was the role of the War Production Board (WPB)?

To oversee industrial production for the war effort, achieving unprecedented output levels.

What was the Office of War Information (OWI)?

A U.S. government agency that produced propaganda to support the war effort.

What was Japanese internment during WWII?

The forced relocation and internment of Japanese Americans due to wartime fears and prejudice.

What was the Manhattan Project?

A secret U.S. project to develop atomic bombs, led by scientists including Robert Oppenheimer.

What happened during Kristallnacht?

A 1938 event where Nazis vandalized Jewish properties and arrested thousands of Jews, marking a shift to more violent anti-Semitic policies.

What was the Holocaust?

The systematic murder of approximately 6 million Jews by the Nazis during World War II.

What was the significance of Picasso's Guernica?

A painting that symbolizes the horrors of war, created in response to the bombing of Guernica during the Spanish Civil War.

What was the role of the America First Committee?

A group advocating for American isolationism before the U.S. entered WWII.

What was the impact of the Lend-Lease Act?

It allowed the U.S. to supply Allied nations with war materials, bolstering their efforts against Axis powers.

What was the significance of the Battle of Coral Sea?

The first naval battle fought entirely by aircraft, marking a strategic victory for the Allies.

What was the impact of the War Powers Act?

It granted the president broad authority to conduct military operations during WWII.

What was the purpose of propaganda during WWII?

To boost morale, encourage enlistment, and promote support for the war effort among the American public.

Who were the Tuskegee Airmen?

A group of African American pilots who fought in WWII, known for their bravery and skill.

What was the significance of the 442nd Regimental Combat Team?

A unit composed mainly of Japanese American soldiers who fought valiantly in Europe during WWII.

What was the outcome of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki?

The bombings led to Japan's surrender and the end of WWII, marking the beginning of the atomic age.