psychology : cognitive area - loftus n palmer + grant

similarities between the studies

• research method

• adherence to ethical guidelines

• data collected

• internal validity

• reliability

differences between the studies

• sample chosen

• sampling method

• apparatus required

• findings

• ecological validity

research method

• similarity

• both lab experiments

sample chosen

• difference

• loftus n palmer : all students were from the same school so not representative

• grant : ppts were recruited, could be students, parents but has a large age range (17-56)

sampling method

• difference

• loftus n palmer : volunteer sample / self-selected

• grant : opportunity into snowball sample

adherence to ethical guidelines

• similarity

• both adhered to ethical issues

• was some deception in loftus n palmer

apparatus required

• difference

• loftus n palmer : video of a car crash

• grant : headphones, texts to learn, questionnaire with short answer questions and multiple choice

data collected

• similarity

• both collected quantitative data

findings

• difference

• loftus n palmer : more ‘violent’ verbs such as smashed gave higher speed estimations and made ppts believe they had seen smashed glass

• grant : studying and answering questions in the same condition gives better correct results

internal validity

• similarly

• both had high internal validity and high levels of control

ecological validity

• difference

• loftus n palmer : low ecological validity as video clips so low emotional arousal

• grant : high as they were asked to do an everyday task

reliability

• similarity

• both high as high levels of control and standardised procedures used in both, also replicable results

freewill vs determinism

• determinism

• loftus n palmer : results were due to how we process information

• grant : results down to our cognitive processes

reductionism vs holism

• reductionism

• loftus n palmer : too simplistic to explain

• grant : brain is not just like a computer

usefulness of research

• loftus n palmer : helpful in witness testimonies and shows the effect of leading questions

• grant : helpful to improve how we should revise

psychology as a science

• both support as they were lab experiments