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10 Terms

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Process

A process can be thought of as a program in execution, requiring resources such as CPU time, memory, and I/O devices.

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Operating System Processes

Processes that execute system code.

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User Processes

Processes that execute user code.

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Process Control Block (PCB)

A data structure that contains information about a process, including its state, program counter, and memory limits.

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Context Switch

The process of saving the state of an old process and loading the state of a new process in CPU scheduling.

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New State

A state that indicates a process is being created for the first time.

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Ready State

A state indicating a process is ready to execute when the CPU is available.

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Running State

The state of a process when it has been allocated CPU time and is executing instructions.

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Waiting State

The state of a process when it is waiting for some event to occur, such as I/O completion.

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Scheduled Process

A process selected by the scheduler for execution from the ready queue.