Microbio Chapter 1

What are the two nonliving microbes?

Viruses & Prions

3 domains

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

Bacteria & Archaea are ______

Prokaryotic

-Contain a nucleus
-Single or multi-cellular
-Complex
-Large
-Have organelles

Eukaryotes

-No nucleus
-Small
-Mostly single-celled
-Lack organelles

Prokaryotes

True or False, all eukaryotes are microorganisms?

False

True or False, all prokaryotes are microorganisms?

True

Viruses require a ____ to surive

Host

-Simpler than Viruses
-No nucleic acid, ONLY proteins
-Act as infectious microorganisms
-Nonliving

Prions

What is the most abundant cellular organism in the ocean?

Bacteria

What is the most abundant inhabitant of the ocean?

Viruses

Uses of microbes by humans:

-Bread production
-Cheese production
-Alcohol production
-Mining production
-Cleaning up contamination
-Biological pesticides

Uses microbes already present or introduced intentionally to restore stability or to clean up toxic pollutants

Bioremidiation

Manipulates the genetics of microbes, plants, and animals for creating new products and GMOs

Genetic Engineering

Transferring genetic material from one organism to another to alter DNA

Recombinant DNA technology

Microbes that cause disease

Pathogens

The belief that invisible vital forces present in matter led to the creation of life

Spontaneous generation

The belief that living things can come from nonliving things

Abiogenesis

The belief that living things can only come from living things

Biogenesis

-Studied microorganisms in fermentation of beer & wine
-Swan-necked flask experiment
-Invented pasteurization
-First studies linking human disease to infection

Louis Pasteur

-Described cellular structures & drew them
-First person to SEE eukaryotic cells

Robert Hooke

-Created simple microscopes
-”Father of microbiology”

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

-Described the importance of handwashing in preventing disease in the hospital

Ignaz Semmelweis

-Used aseptic techniques in surgery

Joseph Lister

-Established the postulates/steps that establish a link between a pathogen & the disease that it causes
-Discovered that anthrax was caused by Baciulls Anthracis

Robert Koch

-”Scissors” to cut DNA and perform genetic engineering

Restriction Enzymes

-Detects tiny amounts of DNA & amplifies them

PCR (polymerase chain reaction) technique