BOTANY- LAB -NOTES

Cell wall

The outermost layer of the cell that distinguishes plant cells from animal cells. It limits the size of the protoplast and prevents rupture of the plasma membrane.

Protoplast

The nucleus and cytoplasm of the cell where organelles are suspended.

Nucleus

The most prominent structure within the protoplast of eukaryotic cells. It is usually spherical in shape.

Cytoplasm

The jelly-like material inside the cell.

Vacuole

The clear area filled with fluid (cell sap) inside the cell.

Chloroplastids

The oval green bodies inside the cells responsible for photosynthesis.

Guard cells

Bean-shaped cells scattered all over the area of the leaf blade.

Primary wall

The single wall that bounds the cell.

Middle lamella

The intercellular layer between the primary walls of adjacent cells.

Ergastic substances

Passive products of the protoplast, including storage products and waste products.

Crystals

Usually composed of calcium compounds, such as calcium carbonate, found in different shapes and sizes.

Calcium oxalate crystals

Crystals shaped like raphides, druses, prisms, or sand crystals.

Calcium carbonate crystals (cystoliths)

Outgrowths of the cell wall encrusted with calcium carbonate, resembling a bunch of grapes.

Onion epidermal cell

Cells from the epidermis of an onion bulb (Allium cepa L.).

Digman leaf cells

Cells from the leaves of the aquatic plant Hydrilla verticillata.

Cells of tomato fruit

Cells from the skin and pulp of a tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.).

Bangka-bangkaan leaf cells

Cells from the leaves of the plant Rhoeo spathacea.

Cells of coconut shells

Cells from the shells of a coconut.

Petiole of gabi-gabi

Cells from the petiole of the plant Calocasia esculenta.

Midrib of dumb cane

Cells from the midrib of the plant Diffenbachia sp.

Santan leaf

Ixora sp.

Indian rubber tree

Ficus Elastica