Chem: Ions, Compounds, and Atoms

What does the atomic number represent?

The number of protons in an atom's nucleus.

What is the mass number?

The sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

What does the symbol of an element represent?

The abbreviation of an element from the periodic table.

How many protons does a neutral atom have?

Same as the atomic number.

How many electrons does a neutral atom have?

Same as the number of protons.

What is the average atomic mass?

The weighted average of all naturally occurring isotopes.

What does the group name tell you?

The family of elements with similar chemical properties.

What determines the charge of an ion?

The loss or gain of electrons.

How do you determine the number of electrons in an ion?

Adjust the protons minus charge (e.g., Na⁺ has 11-1 = 10 electrons).

How are isotopes of the same element alike?

They have the same number of protons and same chemical properties.

How are isotopes of the same element different?

They have different numbers of neutrons, affecting mass.

Symbol for chlorine-37?

1737Cl^{37}_{17}Cl

Symbol for carbon-12?

612C^{12}_{6}C

Symbol for oxygen-18?

818O^{18}_{8}O

Symbol for uranium-235?

92235U^{235}_{92}U

Symbol for hydrogen-3?

13H^{3}_{1}H

How do you find the number of neutrons in an isotope?

Mass number - atomic number.

Formula for calculating atomic mass?

(Mass of Isotope 1×Abundance) + (Mass of Isotope 2×Abundance) .

What is the calculated atomic mass of carbon?

(12.000×0.9889) + (13.000×0.0111).

What is the symbol and charge for a proton?

p⁺, +1 charge, located in the nucleus.

What is the symbol and charge for a neutron?

n⁰, 0 charge, located in the nucleus.

What is the symbol and charge for an electron?

e⁻, -1 charge, located in the electron cloud.

Name of Ca²⁺?

Calcium ion

Name of N³⁻?

Nitride ion

Symbol for rubidium ion?

Rb⁺

Symbol for sulfide ion?

S²⁻

Symbol for lead (II) ion?

Pb²⁺

Symbol for permanganate ion?

MnO₄⁻

Name of BI₃?

Boron triiodide

Name of HgCl₂?

Mercury(II) chloride

Name of Rb₃PO₄?

Rubidium phosphate

Formula for potassium phosphite?

K₃PO₃

Formula for copper (II) chlorate?

Cu(ClO₃)₂

Formula for zinc sulfide?

ZnS

Name of PCl₅?

Phosphorus pentachloride

Name of N₂O₄?

Dinitrogen tetroxide

Formula for dinitrogen heptaphosphide?

N₂P₇

Formula for carbon tetrabromide?

CBr₄

Formula for tricarbon hexoxide?

C₃O₆

Name of an 8-carbon alkane?

Octane (C₈H₁₈)

Name of a 3-carbon alkene?

Propene (C₃H₆)

Name of a 1-carbon alkane?

Methane (CH₄)

Name of H₂SO₃?

Sulfurous acid

Formula for nitric acid?

HNO₃

Formula for hydrochloric acid?

HCl

Formula for hydroiodic acid?

HI

What does the formula of a hydrate indicate?

It shows the water molecules attached to the compound (e.g., CuSO₄·5H₂O).