Chapter 16: Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Deinstitutionalization Movement

To transfer the primary focus of treatment from the hospital to the community.

Insight

The conscious awareness of the psychodynamics that underlie their problems.

Unconditional Positive Regard

Is communicated when the therapist shows that he or she genuinely cares about and accepts the client, without judgment or evaluation.

Openess

Involves client's general willingness to invest themselves in therapy and take the risks required to change themselves.

Competnece-Focused Prevation

Designed to increase personal resources and coping skills.

Empathy

The willingness and ability to view the world through the client's eyes is a second vital factor.

Common Factors

Characteristics shared by these diverse forms of therapy that might contribute to their success.

Interpretation

Any statement by the therapist that is intended to provide the client with insight into his or her behavior or dynamics.

Dodo Bird Verdict

Finding of similar effi cacy for widely differing therapies has been termed.

Self Relatedness

Refers to their ability to experience and understand internal states such as thoughts and emotions, to be attuned to the processes that go on in their relationships with their therapists, and to apply what they learn in therapy to their lives outside of treatment.

Free Association

Clients verbally report without censorship any thoughts, feelings, or images that enter their awareness.

Genuiness

Refers to consistency between the way the therapist feels and the way he or she behaves.

Counterconditioning

In which a new response that is incompatible with anxiety is conditioned to the anxiety- arousing CS.

Effect Size

Tells researchers what percentage of clients who received therapy had a more favorable outcome than that of the average control client who did not receive the treatment.

Meta Analysis

Allows researchers to combine the statistical results of many studies to arrive at an overall conclusion.

Systematic Desensitization

A learning-based treatment for anxiety disorders

Resistance

Defensive maneuvers that hinder the process of therapy.

Psychosurgery

refers to surgical procedures that remove or destroy brain tissue in an attempt to change disordered behavior.

Mindfulness

Is a mental state of awareness, focus, openness, and acceptance of immediate experience.

Interpersonal Therapy

Focuses almost exclusively on clients current relationships with important people in their lives.

Dialectical behavior Therapy (DBT)

Is a treatment developed specifi cally for the treatment of borderline personality disorder.

Stimulus Hierarchy

Of 10 to 20 scenes arranged in roughly equal steps from low- anxiety scenes to high- anxiety ones.

Behavior Modification

Refers to treatment techniques that apply operant conditioning procedures in an attempt to increase or decrease a specifi c behavior.

Response Prevention

To keep the operant avoidance response from occurring.

Situation-Focused prevention

Directed at either reducing or eliminating the environmental causes of behavior disorders or enhancing situational factors that help prevent the development of disorders.

Feminist Therapy

Focuses on womens issues and strives to help women achieve greater personal freedom and self- determination.

Placebo Control Group

That gets an intervention that is not expected to work.

Virtual Reality (VR)

Involves the use of computer technology to create highly realistic virtual environments that simulate actual experience so vividly that they evoke many of the same reactions that a comparable real- world environment would.

Exposure

To the feared CS in the absence of the UCS while using response prevention.