Chapter 9 - Lewis Structures

lewis structure

2D drawing of covalent compounds using bonds

lewis bond structure

2D drawing of covalent compounds showing the number of valence electrons

the octet rule

main group atoms form compounds where all have 8 valence electrons

how do you draw a lewis structure

count the number of valence electrons, choose a central atom, draw bonds, distribute any remaining electrons

when is a lewis structure put in brackets

when it has a charge

free radicals

molecules with an odd number of

electron deficient molecules

have group 2 or 13 elements

hypervalent elements

central atom has more than 8 valence electrons

formal charge

shows which atom has which charge

formal charge formula

formal charge = # of valence electrons - # of lone pair electrons - # of bonds

charge optimization

when a lewis structure has either no charge or the smallest possible charge

resonance structures

lewis structures are equal