Hermeneutics - Midterm

Linguistics

the study of languages and it's structures with sub disciplines including morphology, phonology, semantics. grammar, and syntax

Philology

a pre-cursor to the science of linguistics that use painstaking textual analysis of (primarily off, written texts

Perspective

a person's point of view towards life and experience that shows up in how they understand reality especially in all three phases of mimesis

Inference

a conclusion drawn by a reader based on evidence and reasoning

Transjective

Both subjective and objective

Inspiration

God's superintending activity to ensure that the writing

Illumination

the work of the Holy Spirit to help readers understand, interpret, and heed the biblical text's message

Inerrant

the biblical text has no errors

Infallible

the biblical text will not lead you astray

Sufficient

the biblical text and it's message is capable of communicating how to worship God in any and every situation

Authoritative

the biblical text and it's message is to be heeded

Authorial intended meaning

the lesson that the author wants the reader to learn

Reader response

an interpretive approach that grants the reader to define the meaning of the text being read

Mimesis

the prices whereby an author can mimic or represent his experienced reality, even his perception and interpretation of what was, in a particular medium, such as a book, to a reader

Mimesis1

a person experiences an event and (unconsciously) records it into his memory (from the event to memory)

Mimesis2

a person takes an event from his memory. and consciously and deliberately and records it into his book

Mimesis3

another person consciously and deliberately reads the text and (unconsciously) records the event into his own memory (from the text to memory)

Textual Strings

significant repetitions within and across a book or its parts that create a conversation and comparison of different sections of the book

Textual Outline

an organized presentation of a book's message that divides the text into major and minor units, following the design of the text's surface structure, and helps a reader discover its message

textual argument

a synthesis of how the parts of a text work together to create meaning by how the juxtaposed big parts relate to each other to advance the book's message from it's problem and solution

Main Message

the primary lesson that the author intends for the reader that resolves the big question or primary problem the book addresses

Big Question

the problem or dilemma that the book is addressing

Effective

the history of interpretations that influenced later readers

General revelation

Revelation that is available to all people in all generations that proves unable to teach and draw men to salvation

Special Revelation

direct revelation off God that is needed to find life with God by grace through faith primarily through encountering God's word or in encountering God's saving events

Exegesis

interpreting by drawing out the meaning from a biblical text

Eisegesis

interpreting by inserting an outside meaning into a biblical text

Historiography

the writing of human historical events into a meaningful text that interprets the events it describes

Deduction

understanding a book or part of a book by focusing on its big picture or general categories

Induction

understanding a book or part of a book by focusing on its details and particulars

Concordance

a book (or electronic tool) that shows what Greek or Hebrew words are the source for our translated texts

Connotative meaning

the meanings associated with a word outside it's particular lexical meanings that can accompany the primary lexical meanings

Denotative Meaning

the main meaning of a word, it's primary lexical meaning, namely what the words refers to or names

Determinate meaning

a precise meaning that can be determined nearly objectively by the textual evidence

Etymology

the study of a word's beginning development through linguistic history

Figurative meaning of a term

the non-literal, metaphorical meaning of a term

Hapax legomena

a word that only occurs once in the Old Testament or once in the New Testament

indeterminate meaning

the precise meaning cannot be known by the textual evidence

lexicon

a specialized dictionary that communicates the English equivalents of words in the source languages of Biblical Hebrew, Biblical Aramaic, or Koine Greek

literal meaning of a term

the literal meaning of a term is what the word refers to or names in reality, its most basic meaning without referring to metaphorical or figurative senses

morpheme

the meaningful sub-parts of words, parts that signify something

morphology

the part of linguistics that studies word formation and their constituent parts, its morphemes

partial synonym

a word that has some semantic overlap with another

phoneme

a sound unit of a language that creates distinctions for the readers or hearers and does not communicate a particular meaning by the sound

phonology

the study of a language's phonemes, sound units, to create distinction so that words and meaning can be differentiated

primary usage (of a word)

the most common way a word is used

secondary usage (of a word)

a not as common way that a word is used

semantic range (in language)

the field of possible usages of that word

semantics

the study of word meaning

synonym

a word that shared semantic overlap and meaning with another word

adjective

a part of speech that may modify a noun by giving it a trait, predicate something about a subject, take the place of a noun

adverb

a part os speech that may modify a verb, explain manner time or place, become a catch all for words that are structural

clause

a completer statement that predicates something about a subject, it can be independent or dependent, the basic structural unit of a book

grammar

the study of a language's structure and system, including syntax, morphology, phonology, and semantics

interjection

a part of speech that is an exclamation, aside or interruption into the text

Intransitive verb

a verb that does not require a direct object

linking verb

a verb that tells what the subject is rather than what it is doing, it requires a predicate adjective to modify or describe the subject or a predicate nominative that names the subject, many English verb tenses use linking verbs

nominal clause

a clause that defines who a subject is, in English it requires a linking verb and usually a predicate adjective to modify or describe the subject or a predicate nominative to name it

noun

a part of speech that names a person, place, thing, or idea

object complement

a part of some classes that modifies or describes it's object with an adjective or names the object with a noun

particles

a part of speech that provides structure to its clauses, phrases, and words and a catch-all for words not easily labeled

phrase

a groups of words performing a single function in a clause

predicate

declares what the subject is or does in a clause, verbs declare what happened, nominatives name the subject, adjectives modify or describe the subject

predicate adjective

an adjective that predicate a subject by modifying or describing it

predicate nominative

a noun (or an adjective acting as a noun) that predicates a subject by naming it

subject

a noun or adjective that is the identity of a clause, indicating who or what acts in the clause or the topic of the clause

syntax

the set of rules that define how clauses function and relate to other clauses

the deep structure of a text

the grammatical organization and re-representation of that actual words of a text in grammatical and syntactical categories rather than the specific words provided in the canonical form

the surface structure of a text

the actual words in the biblical text laid out in their canonical order (it's outwards form) word by word, phrase by phrase, and clause by clause

transitive verb

a verb that requires a direct object

translation

writing the meaning of a biblical word, phrase, clause or book in another language

transliteration

writing a biblical word or phase from the original source language with the alphabet of another target language

verb

a part of speech that expresses action (regular verbs) or state of being (linking verbs)

verbal clause

in English, a clause that provides a regular verb and emphasizes an action by the subject

verbal tense

in English, a verbal tense provides a verbal form that communicates distinction of time or duration and/or the nature of the action

What is a myopic view of the text?

zoomed in on detail, good but you miss the context

Author focused view of the text

Recovers the perspective of the author but authors thoughts are inaccessible so it increases subjectivity

Text focused view of the text

uses objective hard data, but ignores influences

Reader focused view of the text

shines light on problems but not truth, changes from reader to reader

Should the Bible be viewed as a painting or a window

Apposition

noun or noun phrase followed by another noun

Traditional Herm view

key is mindset of author or his culture

Modern Herm view

Context of reader, reader creates meaning and there is no authority

What is used in the interpretive toolkit

prayer, biblical theology, semantics, grammar and syntax, composition, textual criticism

Do words create meaning upon their nature or how they're used

How they're used

Merism

shows totality through two extremes (ex. heaven and earth)

Etymology

study of words and where they come from

Inventory

possible uses decided on by context that guides the reader to the usage intended by the author

Three truths that form semantics

ancient text is available in manuscripts overtime, been actively discussed and studied for millennia, authors dead but study of dead language and text persists

Literary Context

usage of a word in a. phrase or book adn uses date outside of the word

idiom

a metaphor that is so common you don't even notice it

Inflections

changes in form of word to express function or attribute

Finite verbs

verbs that are limited because they must agree with the subject