Organic Chemistry 2310 Functional Groups - UVU

Vocabulary flashcards for organic chemistry functional groups covered in Organic Chemistry 2310 at Utah Valley University (UVU).

Acid Anhydride

A functional group consisting of two acyl groups bonded to the same oxygen atom, represented by the structure $\text{R-C(=O)-O-C(=O)-R'}$.

Acid Chloride

A functional group derived from a carboxylic acid where the hydroxyl group is replaced by a chlorine atom, represented by $\text{R-C(=O)-Cl}$.

Alcohol

An organic compound containing a hydroxyl group ($\text{-OH}$) bonded directly to an alkyl carbon atom, with the general formula $\text{R-OH}$.

Aldehyde

A carbonyl-containing functional group in which the carbonyl carbon is bonded to at least one hydrogen atom, with the general formula $\text{R-C(=O)-H}$.

Alkane

A saturated hydrocarbon containing only single covalent bonds between carbon atoms, represented by the structure $\text{R-CH}_2\text{-CH}_2\text{-R}$.

Alkene

An unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond, represented by the general structure $\text{R}_2\text{C=CR}_2$.

Alkyne

An unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond, represented by the general formula $\text{R-C}\equiv\text{C-R}$.

Amide

A functional group consisting of a carbonyl group linked directly to a nitrogen atom, represented by the general formula $\text{R-C(=O)-N(R')(R'')}$.

Amine (Primary)

An organic nitrogen compound in which nitrogen is bonded to one alkyl or aryl group and two hydrogen atoms, represented as $\text{R-NH}_2$.

Amine (Secondary)

An organic nitrogen compound in which nitrogen is bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups and one hydrogen atom, represented as $\text{R-NH-R'}$.

Amine (Tertiary)

An organic nitrogen compound in which nitrogen is bonded to three alkyl or aryl groups with no hydrogens attached directly to nitrogen, represented as $\text{R-N(R')(R'')}$.

Carboxylic Acid

An organic acid containing a carboxyl group ($\text{-COOH}$), consisting of a carbonyl group bonded to a hydroxyl group, represented as $\text{R-C(=O)-OH}$.

Disulfide

A functional group containing a sulfur-sulfur single bond linking two carbon-based groups, represented by the general structure $\text{R-S-S-R'}$.

Epoxide

A cyclic ether formed by a three-membered ring containing two carbon atoms and one oxygen atom.

Ester

A functional group derived from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol, consisting of a carbonyl group bonded to an alkoxy group, represented as $\text{R-C(=O)-OR'}$.

Ether

An organic compound containing an oxygen atom connected to two alkyl or aryl groups, represented by the general formula $\text{R-O-R'}$.

Haloalkane

An alkane derivative in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by halogen atoms, represented by $\text{R-X}$ (where $\text{X} = \text{F, Cl, Br, I}$).

Ketone

A functional group featuring a carbonyl carbon bonded to two alkyl or aryl carbon groups, represented as $\text{R}_1\text{-C(=O)-R}_2$.

Nitrile

An organic compound featuring a cyano functional group consisting of a carbon triple-bonded to a nitrogen atom, represented as $\text{R-C}\equiv\text{N}$.

Nitro

A functional group consisting of a nitrogen atom bonded to a carbon group and two oxygen atoms with formal charges, represented as $\text{R-NO}_2$.

Phenol

An aromatic organic compound consisting of a hydroxyl group ($\text{-OH}$) bonded directly to a benzene ring.

Sulfide

An organic sulfur compound in which a central sulfur atom is bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups, represented as $\text{R-S-R}$.

Thiol

An organosulfur compound containing a sulfhydryl group ($\text{-SH}$) bonded to an alkyl or aryl group, represented as $\text{R-SH}$.