Biology Paper 1 (separate higher)

Eukaryote

Cell with a true nucleus, e.g. an animal cell or plant cell

Prokaryote

Contains no true nucleus, typically uni-cellular, e.g. bacteria

Animal cells

Eukaryotic, contains a cell membrane, cytoplasm, & membrane bound organelles - mitochondria, ribosomes, and a nucleus

Plant cells

Eukaryotic, contains a cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, vacuole, & membrane bound organelles - mitochondria, ribosomes, chloroplasts, and a nucleus

Bacteria cells

Prokaryotic, uni-cellular, contains a cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, & often contains a slime capsule, flagella, and pili, as well as ribosomes. Instead of a nucleus contains circular strands of dna, plasmids

Light microscope

Small microscope, made up of an eye piece lens, objective lens, coarse focus, fine focus, stage, arm, & light source

Advantages

Cheap

Portable

Can view live subjects

Disadvantages

Low resolution & magnification

Electron microscope

Two types TEM and SEM, offers high resolution and magnification, allowing for the detailed observation of cellular structures. Works in a vacuum so no live subjects. Can view in 3D.

Very expensive and large & requires training to use (specialist)

Image size =

Actual size × magnification