Chem 212 chapter 16

Chemical kinetics is the study of reaction ________ and the factors that affect them.

rates

Reaction rate is the change in concentration of reactants or products over ________.

time

Particles must ________ in order for a reaction to occur.

collide

Increasing the concentration of reactants generally increases the number of ________ between particles.

collisions

Increasing temperature increases reaction rate because particles have more ________ energy.

kinetic

The rate of disappearance of a reactant is written with a ________ sign so the rate value remains positive.

negative

In a rate law, the constant k is called the rate ________.

constant

The exponents in a rate law are called reaction ________.

orders

Reaction orders must be determined ________ and cannot be predicted from the balanced equation alone.

experimentally

If doubling the concentration of A causes the rate to quadruple, the reaction is ________ order in A.

second

The sum of all individual reaction orders gives the ________ reaction order.

overall

An integrated rate law includes ________ as a variable.

time

For a first-order reaction, a plot of ln[A] versus time gives a straight ________.

line

The half-life of a first-order reaction is ________ of the initial concentration.

independent

For a second-order reaction, the half-life is inversely proportional to the initial reactant ________.

concentration

Collision theory states that particles must ________ in order to react.

collide

The minimum energy required for a reaction to occur is called the activation ________.

energy

The unstable arrangement of atoms formed during a reaction is called the ________ state.

transition

The Arrhenius equation relates the rate constant to temperature and activation ________.

energy

A reaction mechanism is the sequence of ________ steps that make up the overall reaction.

elementary

A substance formed in one step and consumed in another step of a mechanism is called a reaction ________.

intermediate

The slowest step in a mechanism is called the rate-________ step.

determining

A catalyst speeds up a reaction by providing an alternative pathway with lower activation ________.

energy

A catalyst is not permanently ________ during the reaction.

consumed

A homogeneous catalyst exists in the same ________ as the reactants.

phase

An enzyme is a biological ________ that speeds up reactions in living organisms.

catalyst

The region on an enzyme where the substrate binds is called the ________ site.

active

In the lock-and-key model, the enzyme active site has a fixed ________ that matches the substrate.

shape

In the induced-fit model, the enzyme changes ________ slightly to better bind the substrate.

shape

The substrate is the ________ that binds to an enzyme's active site.

reactant