Ch 19 STUDYGUIDE

What bacteria produce endospores?

Bacillus and Clostridium

How Bacillus and Clostridium detected?

through Gram reaction and endospore formation

How can you tell the difference between Bacillus and Clostridium

Bacillus is aerobic and catalase pos.

Clostridium is strictly anaerobic and catalase neg.

Explain the Morphology of Bacillus Anthracis

Large gram pos. block like cells the present in long chain with the endospore in the middle

How is Bacillus Anthracis differentiated between other members of the genus?

Through physiology and biochemical tests

B.anthracis causes what?

Cutaneous anthrax & Pulmonary anthrax

What are the 3 general groups that Bacillus is categorized into

Endospore formers, non-endospore formers, and irregular shaped/acid staining

What does Mycobacterium leprae cause?

Leprosy (Hanson’s Disease)

Explain the morphology of Mycobacterium Leprae

Acid fast rods

How is Mycobacterium Leprae identified

Through a combination of microscopic examination of lesions, patient history, symptomology, especially with those who lost sensation in the skin

What is the habitat of Mycobacterium Leprae

Humans and armadillos

Virluence factors of Mycobacterium Leprae

not highly virulent

Predisposing factors of Mycobacterium Leprae

Defects in the T-cells,

Poor overall health,

Inadequate nutrition,

Contact with those who have Hansens disease

What are the 2 types of leprosy

• Tuberculoid (paucibacillary) Leprosy

• Lepromatous (multibacillary) Leprosy

which type of leprosy has few lesions in the skin

Tuberculoid (paucibacillary) Leprosy

which leprosy has deeper lesions in cooler areas of the body

Lepromatous (multibacillary) Leprosy

which leprosy has skin nodules

Tuberculoid (paucibacillary) Leprosy

which leprosy has OCCASIONAL mutilation of extremeties

Tuberculoid (paucibacillary) Leprosy

which type of Leprosy is reactive to lepromin

Tuberculoid Leprosy

what is lepromin

an extract of leprosy bacillus that is injected to detect delayed allergy to leprosy

which type of leprosy caused the lympnodes to be MASSIVELY infiltrated by Bacilli

Lepromatous (multibacillary) Leprosy

which type of leprosy has a poorly developed T-Cell response

Lepromatous (multibacillary) Leprosy

what other bacteria does the Genus Mycobacterium produce?

primary TB

M. Tuberculosis

M. Marium

M. Kansii

M. Avium Complex

M. abscessus

M. fortuitum

name the NTM infections & their effects

M. Avium Complex: causes secondary infection with AIDS patients

M. Fortuitum & M. Abscessus: typically infection with tattoos, contamination with non-sterile water, implanted medical devices, and contaminated instruments

M. Kansii: mild form of TB

M. Marium: Granulomas that enlarge, ulcerate, and drain

explain the course of infection of M. tuberculosis

primary TB → latent (reactivation) TB → disseminated (extrapulmonary) TB

what is the morphology of M. Tuberculosis

acid fast rods, that present as long enmeshed filaments of cells

how is M. Tuberculosis tested?

with the MANTOUX test

how does the Mantoux test work

tuberculin is injected into the dermis, a small bleb appears, and is then measures becuase infection of TB can lead to delayed hypersensitivty to tuberculoproteins

what is the treatment for TB

immunotherapy (6-24months)

effects of primary TB

tubercles in the lungs with a mild fever

effects of latent TB

bacilli in the tubercles drain into the bronchi and upper respiratory tract causing many symptoms

effects of extrapulmanary TB

the bacterium disseminates to other sites than the lungs