Funds Exam 2

Florence Nightingale EF: Temp

Infants and elderly need warmer rooms to maintain their body temperature and health.

Florence Nightingale EF: Ventilation

Supplying continuous fresh air

Florence Nightingale EF: Lighting

Should be bright enough to see and perform tasks but soft enough to not cause strain

Florence Nightingale EF: Humidity

Maintaining moisture to maintain respiratory passages

Florence Nightingale EF: Noise and odor

Noise should be minimized and odors eliminated for better comfort

Florence Nightingale EF: Interior design and Neatness

Keeping a clean softer room allows patients to feel more “at home”

What are Florence Nightingale’s Environmental factors

Temp, ventilation and humidity, lighting, odor control, noise control, interior design, and privacy

What populations are more sensitive to temperature changes and why

Infants, thermoregulation has not ben developed. The elderly loose subcutaneous fat and skin becomes thin making thermoregulation difficult.

What is the safest stance for lifting and transferring patient?

Wide base of legs, shoulder width apart

You should move patients in the direction away from your body

False, keeping patient closer to the body is safest and allows more control

When lifting, how should you bend down/up?

Bend at the knees, not at the hips

It is important to have the bed at what setting before beginning movement with a patient?

Bed and/or chair must be in locked position

How should you move patients with weakness on one side?

Always move them towards their stronger side for better support.

What is hemoglobin?

Oxygen carrying blood cells

Hematocrit

Non oxygen carrying blood cells measured as a percentage of total blood volume.

Suction settings range

80-120

6 Rights of medication administration

Right patient, route, medication, dose, time, documentation

6 PATIENT Rights of medication administration

Right education, to refuse, assessment, response, and evaluation

Patient identifiers

DOB, wristband, name, and medical record number

Scheduled and routine medication orders

Medications with frequency and timing

Stat or one time medication orders

Medications given immediately as prescribed or a single dose administered at a specific time for a particular condition

What oral medications can never be crushed?

Sublingual, coated, extended release and sustained release

Oral medication routes

Sublingual, feeding tubes, buccal, and oral administration.

Topical forms of medications

Patch, cream, suppository, ear/eye drops, and inhalant

Trophic level of medication

Lowest concentration in the body

IM Sites: Deltod

Upper arm, shoulder

IM Sites: Dorsolateral

Upper thigh, lateral gluteal area

IM Sites: Ventrogluteal

On the hip

IM Sites: Vastus Lateralis

Outer thigh

IM Sites: Rectus Femorus

Front of the thigh

Schedule I Drugs

Illegal drugs not intended for medical use with high probability of abuse

Schedule II Drugs

Drugs that have some medical use but also have a high potential for abuse

Schedule III Drugs

Drugs with accepted medical use and lower potential for abuse

Schedule IV Drugs

Drugs with accepted medical use and a lower potential for abuse compared to Schedule III.

Schedule V Drugs

Accepted medical uses with minimal abuse potential.

What kind of needle do you use when drawing form a ampule?

A filter needle, prevents microscopic fragments of glass from being administered

What is a concern regarding infiltration when a catheter is shifted out of place

Medication or fluid could leak into the surrounding tissues, causing swelling, pain, or tissue damage.

Water soluble vitamins

Vitamin B complex and Vitamin C

Fat soluble vitamins

Vitamins A , D, E, and K

Function of fiber in diet

Increases bulk in the stool and aids in digestion.

Phases of Wound Healing: Inflammatory

Damaged tissue releases cytokines causing blood coagulation and inflammation due to plasma leak in surrounding tissue

Stages of Wound Healing: Proliferative

New tissue formation for wound closure and restoration of skin integrity.

Stages of Wound Healing: Remodeling

Tissue is much weaker than original tissue, and the collagen is reorganized for strength.

Primary healing/First intention

Edges of uninfected wound is stitched together

Secondary healing/Second intention

Wound left open to heal

Delayed primary closure

Wound left open to heal until ready to suture

Skin changes with age

Fat decreases, elasticity reduces, skin becomes thinner and more fragile.

Fall prevention protocol

All falls must be reported regardless if it was assisted or not. First thing to do is ensure the patient is safe and document injuries

Why is it especially important to evaluate a patient who fell without witnesses?

Patients may have trouble recalling the details of the fall or notice any injuries sustained

Order of blood flow of pulmonary circuit

RV → PA → Lungs → PV → Trunk

Isotonic solutions

Used to expand the fluid volume of the body, same concentration and osmolality

Hypotonic solutions

Solutions with lower concentration than blood serum, used to hydrate cells and decrease extracellular fluid volume.

Hypertonic solutions

Solutions with higher concentration than blood serum, replace electrolytes

Dextrose

A form of glucose

0.9% Saline

Isotonic

0.45% saline

Hypotonic

5% dextrose in water

Isotonic

10% dextrose in water

Hypertonic

5% dextrose in 0.9% saline

Hyper tonic

5% dextrose in 0.45% saline

Hypertonic

5% dextrose in 0.225% saline

Isotonic

Ringer’s lactate

Isotonic

5% dextrose in Ringer’s lactate

Hypertonic