Exam 3 - Jews, Christians, Muslims

Hasidic Jews

Non-liberal group in Judaism. Believe in gender difference, but not necessarily inferiority. Marriages follow specific gender roles. Women wear a head covering after marrying and men wear a top hat.

Women's Aglow

Christian group that believe women should be submissive to their husbands. Gender difference. Patriarchy is empowering. Women should turn to God and prayer when frustrated in their relationships.

Quiverful Ideology

Non-liberal Christian idea that children are fruits of life and contraceptives should never be used in sex. Allows you to have as many children as God planned for you.

Patriarchy

Rule by fathers

Matriarchy

Rule by mothers

Readings: Plaskow

Liberal perspective. Her goal is to transform Judaism out of patriarchal system. Particularly concerned with transforming ritual (allow women to lead prayer), text (reread not rewrite), theology (stop pretending God fits a specific sex's description), history (female religious leaders).

Readings: Trible

Liberal perspective. Depatriarchalizing Christianity. Do away with sexism in the community. Wants to reread and reinterpret bible. Explore less popular biblical texts.

Readings: Fader

Non-liberal Judaism. Focuses specifically on Hasidic Jews. Women and men have different roles and should stick to them.

Readings: Griffith

Non-liberal Christian - Women's Aglow. Women should submit to their husbands. Believes women were created to help men. Obedience allows freedom. "Patriarchy is essential in the world".

Readings: Wadud

Men and women have roles but there is not just one path. They are equally valuable, protectors of each other, intellectually equal. Divorced women should wait 3 cycles to remarry (in case they are pregnant) and husbands can take them back whenever in this period.

Readings: Millett

Non-liberal Christian. Believes patriarchy is an essential part of Christianity that cannot be ridden of.

Women's Mosque Movement

Gives women the opportunity to lead in mosques. All women attendees. Normally, women are not leaders in Islam. Difficult because typically, the mosque you attend is based on geography, ancestry, language, culture.

Islamic head coverings

Hijab, Niqab, Burqa, Chador

Imam

A leader of prayer in a mosque

Ordination

Making someone a priest, bishop or deacon by the sacrament of holy orders.

Hijab

Islamic head covering. Often assumed to be oppressive. Wearers respond by saying it is freeing from beauty standards and gives representation to their religion.

Reasons people have sex (according to religion)

Procreation, emotional ties, happiness

Can you only have sex if your are trying to procreate?

No. Other forms of sex are usually okay. You can usually have sex after menopause, if you are infertile, and if you are already pregnant.

Roman Catholic Church: Homosexuality

Official teaching: Homosexuality is wrong

Followers often reinterpret stance

Uninterested in banning people from the church for being gay

Liberal Protestants: Homosexuality

LGBTQ+ persons explicitly included

Allows gay followers to be officiated/ordained

Allows non-heterosexual marriage in church

Historically Black Protestant Churches: Homosexuality

Accepting gay members might mean losing others

A mix, always changing

Fundamentalists: Homosexuality

Simple - Homosexual sex and desire are both sins

Ex-gay ministries: Homosexuality

Conversion therapy - homosexuality is a mental illness

Bible-based ways to change a person's sexuality

Halakhah: Homosexuality

Not okay for men to have sex with men

Not enforced too intensely but has a definite stance

Reformed, cons, reconstruction Jews: Homosexuality

Allow LGBT members

Rabbis can be homosexual

Orthodoxy Jews: Homosexuality

Complicated history

Find loopholes in the system (different kinds of sex)

Religion comes first so if all else fails - celibacy

Violates Halakhah

Islam: Homosexuality

Fully recognize the reality of homosexuality

Majority of jurists say no homosexual sex

There are several openly gay Muslims

What people consider homosexuality to be:

Biological, a choice, biological AND culturally influneced