Upper Extremity (origin, insertion, inn., blood supp., muscle type)

what is the origin of the superior trapezius?

superior nuchal line and ligamentum nuchae

what is the origin of the middle trapezius?

spinous processes C7-T3/5

what is the origin of the inferior trapezius?

spinous processes T3-T12

where does the superior trapezius insert?

lateral third of clavicle

where does the middle trapezius insert?

acromion and spine of scapula

where does the inferior trapezius insert?

medial end of scapular spine

what is the action of the trapezius?

superior: elevates scapula

middle: retracts scapula

inferior: depresses scapula; superior + inferior fibers upwardly rotate scapula

what innervates the trapezius?

spinal accessory nerve (C1-C5)

what muscle type is the trapezius?

flat

What is the origin of levator scapulae?

Transverse processes C1-C4

Where does levator scapulae insert?

Superior medial border of scapula and superior angle of scapula

What is the action of levator scapulae?

Elevates and downwardly rotates scapula

What innervates levator scapulae?

Dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

What muscle type is levator scapulae?

Fusiform

What is the origin of rhomboid minor?

C7-T1

Where does rhomboid minor insert?

Medial border of scapula

What is the action of rhomboid minor?

Retracts, downwardly rotates, and stabilizes scapula

What innervates rhomboid minor?

Dorsal scapular nerve (C4-C5)

What muscle type is rhomboid minor?

Flat

What is the origin of rhomboid major?

T2-T5

Where does rhomboid major insert?

Medial border of scapula

What is the action of rhomboid major?

Retracts, downwardly rotates, and stabilizes scapula

What innervates rhomboid major?

Dorsal scapular nerve (C4-C5)

What muscle type is rhomboid major?

Flat

What is the origin of pectoralis major?

Anterior surface of medial half of clavicle

Where does pectoralis major insert?

Crest of greater tubercle and bicipital groove

What is the action of pectoralis major?

Adducts and medially rotates arm; assists with arm flexion and extension

What innervates pectoralis major?

Medial and lateral pectoral nerves (C7-T1, C5-6)

What muscle type is pectoralis major?

Convergent

What is the origin of pectoralis minor?

Ribs 3-5

Where does pectoralis minor insert?

Coracoid process

What is the action of pectoralis minor?

Draws scapula anteriorly and posteriorly; stabilizes scapula

What innervates pectoralis minor?

Medial pectoral nerve (C8-T1)

What muscle type is pectoralis minor?

Flat

What is the origin of subclavius?

1st rib and costal cartilage

Where does subclavius insert?

Inferior surface of middle 1/3 of clavicle

What is the action of subclavius?

Depresses and stabilizes clavicle

What innervates subclavius?

Nerve to subclavius (C5-C6)

What muscle type is subclavius?

Fusiform

What is the origin of anterior deltoid?

lateral 1/3 clavicle

What is the origin of middle deltoid?

Acromion

What is the origin of posterior deltoid?

Spine of scapula

Where does deltoid insert?

Deltoid tuberosity

What is the action of deltoid?

Anterior: flexion and medial rotation; Middle: abduction; Posterior: extension and lateral rotation

What innervates deltoid?

Axillary nerve (C5-C6)

What muscle type is the deltoid?

Multipennate

What is the origin of teres major?

Inferior angle of scapula

Where does teres major insert?

Crest of lesser tubercle

What is the action of teres major?

Adducts and medially rotates arm; shoulder extension

What innervates teres major?

Lower subscapular nerve

What muscle type is teres major?

Fusiform

What is the origin of latissimus dorsi?

T7-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inferior 3-4 ribs

Where does latissimus dorsi insert?

Floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

What is the action of latissimus dorsi?

Extends, adducts, and medially rotates arm; pulls trunk toward arms during climbing/pulling

What innervates latissimus dorsi?

Thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8)

What muscle type is the latissimus dorsi?

Flat

What is the origin of serratus anterior?

Ribs 1-9 laterally

Where does serratus anterior insert?

Medial margin of scapula

What is the action of serratus anterior?

Scapular protraction, upward rotation, and stabilization

What innervates serratus anterior?

Long thoracic nerve (C5-C7)

What muscle type is serratus anterior?

Flat

What is the origin of supraspinatus?

Supraspinous fossa of scapula

Where does supraspinatus insert?

Greater tubercle of humerus

What is the action of supraspinatus?

Initiates arm abduction (first ~15 degrees)

What innervates supraspinatus?

Suprascapular nerve (C5-C6)

What muscle type is supraspinatus?

Fusiform

What is the origin of infraspinatus?

Infraspinous fossa of scapula

Where does infraspinatus insert?

Greater tubercle of humerus

What is the action of infraspinatus?

Lateral rotation of arm

What innervates infraspinatus?

Suprascapular nerve (C5-C6)

Infraspinatus

Flat

What is the origin of teres minor?

Superior 2/3 of posterior surface of lateral border of scapula

Where does teres minor insert?

Greater tubercle of humerus

What is the action of teres minor?

Lateral rotation of arm

What innervates teres minor?

Axillary nerve (C5-C6)

What muscle type is teres minor?

Fusiform

What is the origin of subscapularis?

Subscapular fossa

Where does subscapularis insert?

Lesser tubercle of humerus

What is the action of subscapularis?

Medial rotation and adduction of arm; holds humeral head in glenoid fossa

What innervates subscapularis?

Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5-C6)

What type of muscle is the subscapularis?

Multipennate

What is the origin of coracobrachialis?

Coracoid process

Where does coracobrachialis insert?

Middle 1/3 of medial surface of humerus

What is the action of coracobrachialis?

Flexes and adducts arm

What innervates coracobrachialis?

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C7)

What type of muscle is the coracobrachialis?

Fusiform

What is the origin of biceps brachii long head?

Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Where does biceps brachii long head insert?

Radial tuberosity and forearm fascia

What is the action of biceps brachii?

Flexes and supinates forearm

What innervates biceps brachii?

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C7)

What type of muscle are the biceps?

Fusiform/multiheaded

What is the origin of biceps brachii short head?

Coracoid process

Where does biceps brachii short head insert?

Radial tuberosity and forearm fascia

What is the origin of brachialis?

Distal half of anterior surface of humerus

Where does brachialis insert?

Coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity

What is the action of brachialis?

Flexes forearm

What innervates brachialis?

Musculocutaneous and radial nerves (C5-C7, C5-T1)

What type of muscle is the brachialis?

Fusiform

What artery supplies trapezius?

Transverse cervical a.

What artery supplies levator scapulae?

Dorsal scapular artery