Greeshma Sanil- Unit 5, Osteology
Studied by 0 people
Call Kai
Learn
Practice Test
Spaced Repetition
Match
Flashcards
Knowt Play1/184
There's no tags or description
Looks like no tags are added yet.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced |
|---|
No study sessions yet.
185 Terms
What are the five major functions of the skeletal system?
Support, protection, movement, mineral storage, and blood cells
What are the two most protected organs of the body?
The brain and spinal cord
What are ligaments?
Tissues that hold bones together
What are tendons?
Tissues that connect bones and muscles.
What does hematopoiesis mean?
The creation of blood cells.
Which parts of the body are the most active in producing blood cells in adults?
The vertebra, sternum, and ribs
What is the difference between the axial and appendicular skeleton?
Axial contains the skull and chest areas, and appendicular contains the extremeties.
How many bones are in the skull?
29
How many bones are in the vertebral column?
26
How many bones are in the ribcage?
25 (1 sternum+24 ribs)
How many total bones are in the axial skeleton?
80
How many total bones are in the appendicular skeleton?
126
How many total bones are in the human skeleton?
206
What are sutures?
Non-movable joints between bones
What are fontanels?
Uncalcified (soft) areas in bones.
What does para- mean?
With
What are the four paranasal sinuses?
Frontal, maxillary, ethmoidal, sphenoidal
What does the auditory tube (eustachian canal) connect to?
It connects to the nose and the throat.
What are the three ossicles?
Malleus, incus, and stapes
What two things cause facial growth?
Growth of teeth and air sinuses.
What does congenital mean?
Born with
What is achondroplastic dwarfism?
Deficiency in growth hormones.
What is cleft lip?
Incomplete fusion in the maxillae
How frequent is cleft lip?
1 in 1000 births
What is cleft palate?
Failure in palatine processes of the Maxillae fusing
How frequent is cleft palate?
1 in 2,500 births
What does dactyly mean?
Digits
What is spina bifida?
Incomplete fusion in the vertebral archae
What is a club foot?
The sole of the foot being turned inward
What is congenital hip dislocation?
The acetabulum of the hip isn’t big enough to hold the femur head
What is ricketts?
Softened bones due to decreased calcium.
What are the symptoms of ricketts?
Soft bones, which can cause scoliosis and bowed legs
What causes ricketts?
Vitamin D deficiency and decreased calcium
What is osteoporosis?
Decreased calcium content causing brittle bones.
What are the symptoms of osteoporosis?
Easily broken bones
What causes osteoporosis?
Menopause in elderly women.
What is acromegaly?
Thicker bones and extremities.
What is the name of the disorder that is caused from excess growth hormone in children?
Gigantism
How do simple fractures look?
They don’t have broken skin
How do compound fractures look?
They have broken skin
What are incomplete fractures?
A fracture that does not break the bone into 2.
What are comminuted fractures?
A fracture where the bone breaks into 3 or more pieces
What are osteomas?
Benign tumors of bones
What is osteosarcoma?
Malignant tumors of bones
What is the description of a fissure?
A narrow slit in a bone where nerves pass
What is the description of a foramen?
Openings that blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass through
What is a meatus?
A tubelike opening
What are paranasal sinuses?
Air filled cavities surrounding the nasal cavities.
What is a groove or sulcus?
An indentation on a surface
What is a fossa?
A shallow depression in a bone.
What is the frontal bone?
The bone at the front of the skull
What are the supraorbital foramina?
The notches on the skull for openings to nerves+blood vessels
What is the zygomatic process of the frontal bone?
The portion that connects the frontal bone and cheekbone (zygomatic)
What is the occipital bone?
The bone at the bottom back of the skull
What are the external occipital protuberances?
A bump at the skull base
Where can you only find the frontal suture?
On fetal heads
What happens at the occipital condyle?
The C1 vertebrae meets the occipital bone.
What goes through the foramen magnum?
Spinal cord and vertebral arteries pass through to conduct blood to brain.
What are vertebral arteries?
They connect blood to the brain
What do the grooves for the sigmoid sinus do?
S-shaped grooves that conduct blood through the jugular foramina into the jugular veins.
What is the bony area around the external auditory meatus?
tympanic portion
Where is the mastoid air sinus located?
At the mastoid processes (rock-like)
What is the medical term for the ear canal?
External auditory meatus
What passes through the jugular foramen?
The cranial nerves (12 that come off brain)
What does the styloid process mean?
Needle-like bone connected to the hyoid
What does mastoid process mean?
The location of the mastoid air sinus
Where is the maxilla?
The upper jaw
What are alveolar processes?
Tooth sockets (incisors, canines, premolars, molars)
What is the zygomatic bone?
The cheekbones (frontal, temporal, and maxillary processes)
What does Crista galli mean?
The rooster’s comb that projects into the cranial cavity from the ethmoid bone.
Where is the Crista galli located?
In the ethmoid bone
What are alfactory formina?
The holes where the nerves come up from the nose.
What is the sella turcica?
The “turkish saddle” that concaves in the middle of the greater wings.
What is the pituitary gland known as?
The master gland
What is in the sella turcica?
The pituitary gland
What goes through the optic canals?
Optic nerves and the opthalmic arteries
What goes through the foramen rotundum?
The maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerves
What goes through the foramen ovale?
Mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerves
What goes through the foramen lacerum?
Internal carotid arteries
What is the pterygoid process?
Portion of sphenoid bone that makes hard palate
How many bones make up the nasal bones?
2
Where are lacrimal bones?
Bones between the eye sockets that connect to nasal cavities.
What goes through the naso-lacrimal canals?
Tears (into runny nose)
What is the hard palate?
The roof of the mouth
What bone forms through the naso-lacrimal canals?
Inferior nasal concha bones
What does septum mean?
The wall separating the nasal cavities
What is the body of the mandible?
The chin region
What goes through the mental foramen?
Nerves and blood vessels
What does ramus mean?
The angles of the jaw
What is the condyloid process?
The round part of the mandible that connects to the temporal bone to create the TMJ (temporal mandibular joint)
What forms the temporal-mandibular joint?
The joint between the temporal bone and the mandible jaw.
What is the coranoid process?
The thin anterior projection of the mandible for muscle attachments
Where is the hyoid bone located?
between the mandible and the larynx
What does the hyoid bone connect to?
The styloid process of the temporal bone.
What two things make up the vertebral arch?
The pedicles and laminae
What is the spinous process?
Attaches the ligaments and muscles
What goes through the vertebral foramen?
The spinal cord
What is a laminectomy?
Removal of lamina to reach spinal cord
What are intervertebral foramina?
Holes between vertebrae with spinal nerves
What goes through the intervertebral foramina?
Spinal nerves