Cosmetology State Boards - Theory

Gommage

A cream type enzyme applied to the face and rolled off the skin after forming a crust

Diplococci

Bacteria that grow in pairs and cause disease such as pneumonia

Bacilli

Short rod-shaped bacteria. Most common bacteria.

Produces tetanus (lock jaw), tuberculosis

Staphylococci

Pus forming bacteria that grow in clusters. cause pustules and boils

Spirilla

A spiral corkscrew-shaped bacteria. They are subdivided into subgroups. cause syphilis, STDs or lyme disease

Streptococci

Pus forming bacteria arranged in curved lines cause strep throat and blood poisoning

Metal hydroxide relaxers

Relaxers that contain only 1 component and are used without mixing

Trichorrhexis nodosa

A condition that is characterized by brittleness and the formation of nodular swelling along the hair shaft

Stratum Germinativum

Layer of skin that has the melanin that gives skin color (middle layer).

responsible for the growth of the epidermis

Disinfectants

Chemical products that destroy all bacteria, fungi, and viruses on surfaces

Sterilization

The process that completely destroys all microbial life, including spores

Sanitation

Chemical process of reducing the number of disease-causing germs on the cleaned surfaces to a safe level

Papillary layer

The outermost layer of the dermis, contains nerve endings sensitive to touch and pressure

Reticular layer

Deepest layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with nutrients and oxygen

Medulla layer

The innermost layer of hair

Cuticle layer

The outermost layer of hair

Horny layer

Also known as the Stratum Corneum.

In the epidermis cared for by salon services

Pityriasis Steatoids

Severe dandruff characterized by an accumulation of greasy or waxy scales mixed with sebum

Maxille

Bones of the upper jaw

Occipital bone

Hindmost bone of the skull. Forms the back of the skull

Vomer bone

Flat thin bone that forms part of the nasal septum

Non-pathogenic

Completely harmless and do NOT cause disease. Protect against infection

Nasal bone

Form the bridge of the nose

Abductors

Muscles that separate the fingers

Pathogenic

Considered harmful. May cause disease or infection

Arrector Pili

A tiny muscle in the base of the hair follicle. Cold causes it to contract. Makes the hair stand up. (goose bumps)

Hair Bulb

Lowest area of part of a hair strand. Forms the lower part of hair root

Temporal bones

Forms the sides of the head. In the ear region

Anagen

The growth phase, where new hair is produced

Alkaline waves

Process at room temperature without the addition of heat. Also called cold waves

Adductors

Muscles at the base of each finger that draw the fingers together

Frontal bone

Forms the forehead

Mandible

Lower jawbone. Largest and Strongest bone of the face

Malar bones

Form the prominence of the cheeks

Pariental bones

Form the sides and top of the cranium

Turbinal bones

Thin layers of spongy bone on either of the outer walls of the nasal depression

Dermal papula

Cone-shaped area located at the base of the hair follicle that fits into the hair bulb

Lacrimal bones

Small, thin bones located at the front inner wall of the eye sockets

Sphenoid bone

Joins all of the bones of the cranium together

Telogen

Resting phase in the final phase in the hair cycle. Lasts until the fully grown hair is shed

Catagen

Brief transition period between the growth and resting phase of a hair follicle

Ethmoid bone

Light spongy bone between the eye sockets and forms part of the nasal cavities

Endothermic waves

Perm activated by an outside heat source, usually a conventional hood-type hair dryer

Exothermic waves

Create a chemical reaction that heats up the waving solution and speeds up processing

Disolfide bonds

When using a chemical relaxer, it changes the shape of the hair by breaking down:

Pre-lightener

When dramatically lightening hair, what do you use?

Hormone balance

What effect on your body is from the endocrine system?

Hair texture

The thickness or diameter of the individual hair strand

Nail plate

The hardened keratin plate that sits on and slides across the nail bed

Free Edge

The part of the nail plate that extends off the tip of the finger or toe

Eponychium

The living skin at the base of the nail plate covering the matrix area

Nail bed

The portion of living skin on which the nail plate sits

Eumelanin

Provides brown and black color to hair

Pheomelanin

Provides colors ranging from red and ginger to yellow/blond tones

Hair elasticity

The ability of the hair to stretch and return to its original length without breakage

Hair porosity

The ability of the hair to absorb moisture

Pityriasis

Medical term for dandruff

Tinea Capitis

Type of fungal infection characterized by red papules, or spots at the opening of the hair follicles

Scabies

Highly contagious skin disease caused by a parasite

Pediculosis capitis

The infestation of the hair and scalp with head lice

Gradule layer

Causes a grayish build-up on the hair

Hydrogen

Is released as soon as hydrogen peroxide is mixed into hair lighter formula

Chemical change to hair shaft

Not a characteristic of temporary hair color

Looking at client through mirror

The least critical part of the hair color consultation

Low lightening

Not considered a toner

Evaluation of skilled and competent services

OSHA does not regulate:

To soften and emulsify grease deposits

Electrotherapy should be avoided except:

Medulla

Often called the pith or core layer of hair

Brush out style

Most forgotten step in wet styling

Thinning shears

Most recommended for use by a new cutter to remove excess bulk

Mechanical exfoliants

Used to physically remove dead cell buildup

Depilatories

Type of hair removal that uses a caustic alkali preparation

They require a special method of disposal

Why do turbeculocidal disinfectants require special handling?

Autoclave

A sterilizer approved for salon use

Scrub with soap and water

First step in disinfecting implements

It is against federal law to use product contrary to label

True of an EPA registered product

Algaecide

NOT an example of auto microbial pesticides

Sanitizing the surface

Lowest level of decontamination

Applying light therapy

NOT an example of the use of matter in cosmetology

Contraindicated

A procedure or condition that may produce undesirable side effects during a scalp massage due to any medical issues a client may have

Coil configuration

Applies to braid analysis

Temporary color

Do NOT penetrate the cuticle layer. Allows only a coating action that may be removed by shampooing

Aniline derivatives

Combine with hydrogen peroxide to form larger, permanent dye molecule. cannot easily be shampooed

Vegetable haircolors

Natural colors obtained from the leaves or bark of plants

Line of demarcation

The visible line separating colored hair from new growth

Fillers

Help equalize porosity

Presoftening

Raises the cuticle layer of gray or resistant hair to allow for better penetration of color

Electrolysis

The removal of hair by means of electric current that destroys the growth cells of the hair

Photoepilation

Uses intense light to destroy the growth cells of the hair follicles

Laser hair removal

Laser beam is pulsed on the skin, impairing hair growth.

Epilator

Removes the hair from the bottom of the follicle

(ex: wax)

Non-acetone remover

Necessary in a nail wrap maintenance procedure

Virucidal disinfectant

Stops the takeover of the host cells reproductive function