Chapter 19 Section 4 The German States & Chapter 19 Sec 3 France

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55 Terms

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pragmatic sanction

A decree issued by a sovereign to address a specific issue or concern, particularly in relation to succession.

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Ferdinand of Styria

The Hapsburg heir to the throne of the Holy Roman Empire who became king of Bohemia in 1617.

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Frederick II

Also known as Frederick the Great, he was King of Prussia from 1740 to 1786 and a significant military leader.

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Calvinism

A branch of Protestantism based on the teachings of John Calvin, which was not recognized by the Peace of Augsburg. Later it was recognized by the Peace of Westphalia.

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Bohemia

A historical region in the Czech Republic where the Thirty Years' War began with a rebellion against Ferdinand of Styria.

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Czechs

The ethnic group primarily involved in the rebellion against Ferdinand of Styria during the Thirty Years' War.

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Philip III of Spain

A Hapsburg monarch who sent aid to Ferdinand of Styria during the Thirty Years' War.

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Czech revolt

The uprising against Ferdinand of Styria in 1618, which marked the beginning of the Thirty Years' War.

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Torture

A method of punishment and interrogation that was part of the judicial process during the Thirty Years' War.

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Famine and disease

Conditions that were prevalent in towns during the Thirty Years' War, contributing to the suffering of the population.

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Peace of Westphalia

Confirmed the division of central Europe into Roman Catholic and Protestant territories and maintained the Holy Roman Empire as a unit of more than 300 states.

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Thirty Years' War

A conflict lasting 30 years that involved various European powers, resulting in significant political and territorial changes in Europe.

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Cardinal Richelieu

Roman Catholic France's leader who took up arms against the Roman Catholic Hapsburgs in 1635.

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Hapsburgs

A royal family that ruled Austria and Bohemia, but lost control over other German states after the Thirty Years' War.

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Emperor Charles VI

The emperor who convinced European monarchs to accept a pragmatic sanction regarding the Hapsburg lands.

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Pragmatic Sanction

A royal decree having the force of law that ensured the Hapsburg lands would not be divided.

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Tulip Mania

A public craze for tulips that peaked in the 1630s, initiated by Dutch traders bringing tulip bulbs into Europe.

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Maria Theresa

Inheritor of the Austrian throne in 1740, known for strengthening the Austrian central government and overcoming opposition.

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Austrian Monarchy

The ruling government of Austria, Hungary, and Bohemia, which sought to build a strong central authority after the Thirty Years' War.

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War of the Spanish Succession

A conflict that resulted in the Austrians receiving the Spanish Netherlands and acquiring lands in Italy.

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Great Elector

A title associated with the ruler of Brandenburg-Prussia, significant in the rise of Prussian power.

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Holy Roman Empire

A political entity in central Europe that was divided into more than 300 separate states after the Thirty Years' War.

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Brandenburg-Prussia

A new European rival that rose to prominence in northeastern Germany in the 1700s, ruled by the Hohenzollern family.

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Frederick William

One of the greatest Hohenzollern monarchs known as the 'Great Elector' who increased the strength of Brandenburg-Prussia by creating a permanent standing army.

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Frederick I

The son of Frederick William who aided the Austrian Hapsburgs in the War of the Spanish Succession and was given the title of king.

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Johann Sebastian Bach

A talented composer born in 1685 in Eisenach, Germany, known for his baroque music.

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Frederick William I

A powerful leader who ruled from 1713 to 1740, centralized the Prussian government, and supported production and trade.

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War of Jenkins' Ear

A conflict declared in June 1739 over possession of Georgia and commercial rivalry at sea, sparked by an incident involving English smuggler.

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Seven Years' War

A worldwide conflict from 1756 to 1763 in which Great Britain and France competed for overseas territory. Also known as the French and Indian War.

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Treaty of Paris (1763)

The agreement in which France gave up most of French Canada and its lands east of the Mississippi River to Great Britain.

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Frederick the Great

The title given to Frederick II for his military achievements and expansion of Prussia.

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Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle

The treaty signed in 1748 that officially recognized Prussia's rise as an important nation.

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Silesia

An Austrian province seized by Frederick II, leading to the War of the Austrian Succession.

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Great Britain

The nation that emerged as the strongest colonial empire as a result of the Seven Years' War.

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France

The nation that lost most of its territories in North America to Great Britain as a result of the Treaty of Paris.

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Austria

The nation that faced challenges to its power and territory during the conflicts of the 18th century.

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Dutch Netherlands

The nation that supported Austria against Prussia during the War of the Austrian Succession.

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Henry IV of France

- king of France

- issued Edict of Nantes

- First Bourbon king, ruled from 1589.

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Cardinal Richelieu

- Minister to Louis XIII of France

- increased power of monarch

- decreased power of nobility

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Edict of Nantes

religious freedom to the Huguenots

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Huguenots

- French Protestants

- protested against christianity

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House of Bourbon

Dynasty ruling France until early 1800s.

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Absolute Monarchy

Monarchical system with total control by king.

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Louis XIII

Son of Henry IV, became king in 1610.

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The Fronde

Noble revolts against royal authority (1648-1653).

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Divine Right of Kings

Belief that monarchs derive authority from God.

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Versailles

Palace symbolizing royal power and control. Built by Louis XIV

<p>Palace symbolizing royal power and control. Built by Louis XIV</p>
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Mercantilism

Economic policy promoting government regulation of economy.

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Jean-Baptiste Colbert

Finance minister who promoted commerce and industry.

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Marquis de Louvois

Minister who built a powerful French army.

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Common Classes

the class that bore the majority of the tax burden during the reign of King Louis XIV

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Revocation of Edict of Nantes

1685 decree ending Huguenot religious rights issued by King Henry XIV

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Treaty of Utrecht

1713 agreement that confirmed Philip V as King of Spain, but removed him from the French line of succession.

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Richelieu's Policies

Reduced noble power to strengthen monarchy.

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Cardinal Mazarin

Regent during Louis XIV's early reign.