Chapter 19 Section 4 The German States & Chapter 19 Sec 3 France

pragmatic sanction

A decree issued by a sovereign to address a specific issue or concern, particularly in relation to succession.

Ferdinand of Styria

The Hapsburg heir to the throne of the Holy Roman Empire who became king of Bohemia in 1617.

Frederick II

Also known as Frederick the Great, he was King of Prussia from 1740 to 1786 and a significant military leader.

Calvinism

A branch of Protestantism based on the teachings of John Calvin, which was not recognized by the Peace of Augsburg. Later it was recognized by the Peace of Westphalia.

Bohemia

A historical region in the Czech Republic where the Thirty Years' War began with a rebellion against Ferdinand of Styria.

Czechs

The ethnic group primarily involved in the rebellion against Ferdinand of Styria during the Thirty Years' War.

Philip III of Spain

A Hapsburg monarch who sent aid to Ferdinand of Styria during the Thirty Years' War.

Czech revolt

The uprising against Ferdinand of Styria in 1618, which marked the beginning of the Thirty Years' War.

Torture

A method of punishment and interrogation that was part of the judicial process during the Thirty Years' War.

Famine and disease

Conditions that were prevalent in towns during the Thirty Years' War, contributing to the suffering of the population.

Peace of Westphalia

Confirmed the division of central Europe into Roman Catholic and Protestant territories and maintained the Holy Roman Empire as a unit of more than 300 states.

Thirty Years' War

A conflict lasting 30 years that involved various European powers, resulting in significant political and territorial changes in Europe.

Cardinal Richelieu

Roman Catholic France's leader who took up arms against the Roman Catholic Hapsburgs in 1635.

Hapsburgs

A royal family that ruled Austria and Bohemia, but lost control over other German states after the Thirty Years' War.

Emperor Charles VI

The emperor who convinced European monarchs to accept a pragmatic sanction regarding the Hapsburg lands.

Pragmatic Sanction

A royal decree having the force of law that ensured the Hapsburg lands would not be divided.

Tulip Mania

A public craze for tulips that peaked in the 1630s, initiated by Dutch traders bringing tulip bulbs into Europe.

Maria Theresa

Inheritor of the Austrian throne in 1740, known for strengthening the Austrian central government and overcoming opposition.

Austrian Monarchy

The ruling government of Austria, Hungary, and Bohemia, which sought to build a strong central authority after the Thirty Years' War.

War of the Spanish Succession

A conflict that resulted in the Austrians receiving the Spanish Netherlands and acquiring lands in Italy.

Great Elector

A title associated with the ruler of Brandenburg-Prussia, significant in the rise of Prussian power.

Holy Roman Empire

A political entity in central Europe that was divided into more than 300 separate states after the Thirty Years' War.

Brandenburg-Prussia

A new European rival that rose to prominence in northeastern Germany in the 1700s, ruled by the Hohenzollern family.

Frederick William

One of the greatest Hohenzollern monarchs known as the 'Great Elector' who increased the strength of Brandenburg-Prussia by creating a permanent standing army.

Frederick I

The son of Frederick William who aided the Austrian Hapsburgs in the War of the Spanish Succession and was given the title of king.

Johann Sebastian Bach

A talented composer born in 1685 in Eisenach, Germany, known for his baroque music.

Frederick William I

A powerful leader who ruled from 1713 to 1740, centralized the Prussian government, and supported production and trade.

War of Jenkins' Ear

A conflict declared in June 1739 over possession of Georgia and commercial rivalry at sea, sparked by an incident involving English smuggler.

Seven Years' War

A worldwide conflict from 1756 to 1763 in which Great Britain and France competed for overseas territory. Also known as the French and Indian War.

Treaty of Paris (1763)

The agreement in which France gave up most of French Canada and its lands east of the Mississippi River to Great Britain.

Frederick the Great

The title given to Frederick II for his military achievements and expansion of Prussia.

Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle

The treaty signed in 1748 that officially recognized Prussia's rise as an important nation.

Silesia

An Austrian province seized by Frederick II, leading to the War of the Austrian Succession.

Great Britain

The nation that emerged as the strongest colonial empire as a result of the Seven Years' War.

France

The nation that lost most of its territories in North America to Great Britain as a result of the Treaty of Paris.

Austria

The nation that faced challenges to its power and territory during the conflicts of the 18th century.

Dutch Netherlands

The nation that supported Austria against Prussia during the War of the Austrian Succession.

Henry IV of France

- king of France

- issued Edict of Nantes

- First Bourbon king, ruled from 1589.

Cardinal Richelieu

- Minister to Louis XIII of France

- increased power of monarch

- decreased power of nobility

Edict of Nantes

religious freedom to the Huguenots

Huguenots

- French Protestants

- protested against christianity

House of Bourbon

Dynasty ruling France until early 1800s.

Absolute Monarchy

Monarchical system with total control by king.

Louis XIII

Son of Henry IV, became king in 1610.

The Fronde

Noble revolts against royal authority (1648-1653).

Divine Right of Kings

Belief that monarchs derive authority from God.

Versailles

Palace symbolizing royal power and control. Built by Louis XIV

Mercantilism

Economic policy promoting government regulation of economy.

Jean-Baptiste Colbert

Finance minister who promoted commerce and industry.

Marquis de Louvois

Minister who built a powerful French army.

Common Classes

the class that bore the majority of the tax burden during the reign of King Louis XIV

Revocation of Edict of Nantes

1685 decree ending Huguenot religious rights issued by King Henry XIV

Treaty of Utrecht

1713 agreement that confirmed Philip V as King of Spain, but removed him from the French line of succession.

Richelieu's Policies

Reduced noble power to strengthen monarchy.

Cardinal Mazarin

Regent during Louis XIV's early reign.