Patho Lab - Hemodynamic Disorder

chronic passive congestion of lungs

gross findings: reddish in color due to congestion

endogenous, exogenous

In chronic passive congestion of lungs, hemosiderin are _________ and carbon pigments are __________.

T

T/F: In chronic passive congestion, CRACKLES are also heard during auscultation

hyperemia

Refers to the active process resulting from arteriolar dilation

congestion

Refers to the passive process resulting from impair outflow from tissue

chronic passive congestion of lungs

5: transudate

diagnose & identify pointed structure

chronic passive congestion of lungs

4: hemosidering-laden macrophages

diagnose & identify pointed structure

chronic passive congestion of lungs:

1: thickened fibrotic septa

2: dilated alveoli

3: congested blood vessels

4: hemosiderin laden macrophage

5: transudate

diagnose & identify pointed structure

Chronic passive congestion of lungs

Identify

Chronic passive congestion of lungs

Identify

False

T/F: In chronic passive beharvior,

edema of lungs

Gross finding: distended and red lung due to congestion

1. increased hydrostatic pressure

2. decreased oncotic pressure

3. lymphatic obstruction

4. sodium and water retention

Causes of edema (4)

true

T/F: backflow of blood to the pulmonary circulation due to left sided heart failure causes pulmonary edema

false; alveolar walls, alveoli

T/F: In chronic passive congestion of lungs, transudate fluid is at the alveoli. While, in edema of lungs, transudate fluid is at the alveolar walls.

true

T/F: In chronic passive congestion of lungs, hemosiderin macrophages are referred to as heart failure cells. While, in edema of lungs, hemosiderin macrophages are not referred to as heart failure cells.

edema of lungs

Identify

edema of lungs

Identify

edema of lungs

Identify

edema of lungs

Identify

hemorrhoids with thrombus

Gross findings: edematous mass of pale connective tissue covered by gray-to-tan mucosa; cut surfacewith dilated vascular surfaces

columnar lining epithelium

Lining epithelium of internal hemorrhoids

squamous lining epithelium

Lining epithelium of external hemorrhoids

thrombus

Refers to blood clot formed and impeding blood flow

DOPE

1. dissolution

2. organization

3. propagation

4. embolization

Fate of thrombi

embolus

Refers to the detachment of thrombus and movement into other blood vessels

hemmorhoid

Refers to collateral vessels that develop secondary to persistently elevated venous pressure within hemorrhoidal plexus

1. stasis of blood flow

2. endothelial injury

3. hypercoaguability

Virchow triad

hemorrhoids with thrombus

Identify

hemorrhoids with thrombus

A: dilated endothelial-lined vascular channels with RBC inside

B: squamous external lining

C: columnar internal lining

Identify structure and labeled areas

hemorrhoids with thrombus

Identify

hemorrhoids with thrombus

Identify

hemorrhoids with thrombus

Identify

dissolution

Fate of thrombi: result of fibrinolysis, rapid shrinkage, and total disappearance

organization

Fate of thrombi: older thrombi become reorganized by ingrowth of endothelial cells

propagation

Fate of thrombi: thrombi accumulate additional platelets

embolization

Fate of thrombi: thrombi dislodge and travel to other sites into vasculature

myocardial infarction

Gross findings: yellowish center with necrosis and inflammation surrounded by a hyperemic border

infarct

A localized area of tissue damage or cell death that occurs due to inadequate blood supply, typically resulting from obstruction of blood flow to the area

white infarct

type of infarct referring to ARTERIES SOLID, WELL-STRUCTURED, ARTERIAL OCCLUSIONS

red infarct

type of infarct referring to VEINS, LOOSE, SPONGY TISSUE, VENOUS OCCLUSIONS

myocardial infarction

Identify

myocardial infarction

Identify

myocardial infarction

Identify

myocardia infarction; coagulation necrosis

Identify structure and type of necrosis

myocardial infarction

• black arrow: white infarct

• white arrow: red infarct

Identify structures

intracerebral hemorrhage

Gross findings: brown discoloration of older hematomas due to presence of hemoglobin derived pigments: hemosiderin and hematoidin

1. hemosiderin

2. hematoidin

In intracerebral hemprrhage, there are brown discoloration of older hematomas due to presence of hemoglobin derived pigments such as (2)

intracerebral hemorrhage, liquefactive necrosis

Identify and type of necrosis

intracerebral hemorrhage, liquefactive necrosis

Identify and type of necrosis

petechiae

Small, pinpoint sized, red spots that appear on skin

purpura

Patchy areas of purple or red discoloration on skin

ecchymoses

Bruises, larger areas of purple, blue, or black discoloration

disseminated intravascular coagulation

Widespread thrombosis within microcirculation. Not a specific disease but rather a complication of large number of conditions associated with systemic activation of thrombin