Organic Chemistry 1 functional groups

Alkane

Hydrocarbon containing only single bonds (C and H only).

Alkene

Hydrocarbon containing a carbon-carbon double bond.

Alkyne

Hydrocarbon containing a carbon-carbon triple bond.

Arene

Aromatic hydrocarbon ring system.

1º Alcohol (Primary)

Hydroxyl group attached to a carbon bonded to one other carbon.

2º Alcohol (Secondary)

Hydroxyl group attached to a carbon bonded to two other carbons.

3º Alcohol (Tertiary)

Hydroxyl group attached to a carbon bonded to three other carbons.

Ether

Oxygen atom bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups (R-O-R).

Epoxide

A cyclic ether with a three-membered ring containing one oxygen.

Aldehyde

Carbonyl group bonded to at least one hydrogen atom.

Ketone

Carbonyl group bonded to two carbon atoms.

Phenol

Hydroxyl group directly attached to an aromatic benzene ring.

Carboxylic Acid

Carbonyl group bonded to a hydroxyl group (-COOH).

Ester

Derivative of a carboxylic acid with an -OR group replacing -OH.

Anhydride

Two acyl groups bonded to the same oxygen atom.

1º Amine (Primary)

Nitrogen bonded to one alkyl/aryl group and two hydrogens.

2º Amine (Secondary)

Nitrogen bonded to two alkyl/aryl groups and one hydrogen.

3º Amine (Tertiary)

Nitrogen bonded to three alkyl/aryl groups.

Imine

Functional group containing a carbon-nitrogen double bond (C=N).

Nitrile

Functional group containing a carbon-nitrogen triple bond.

1º Amide (Primary)

Carbonyl group bonded to a primary amine group. WITH H’s

2º Amide (Secondary)

Carbonyl group bonded to a secondary amine group.

3º Amide (Tertiary)

Carbonyl group bonded to a tertiary amine group.

Nitro Group

Functional group with the formula -NO2.

Alkyl Halide

Compound with a halogen (F, Cl, Br, I) bonded to an alkyl carbon.

Aryl Halide

Compound with a halogen directly bonded to an aromatic ring.