chapter 5

what is a state of physical, mental, and social well being

health

to be able to help others with health what must we as healthcare workers be able to do

our own physical and mental needs

who is responsible for the health professionals

the health professional

what is self actualization

the state in which a person welcomes tension and effort as a stimulus to creativity and self expression

T/F: anxiety, grief, and stress do not make you susceptible to illness

false

what is empathy

a sensitivity to others that allows you to meet their needs constructively

empathetic care would be which of the following?

a. smothering a patient with pity because you feel bad for them

b. showing concern for a patient while caring for them and quickly providing images of the patient for diagnosis

showing concern for a patient while caring for them and quickly providing images of the patient for diagnosis

you should never let a hostile patient come between you and the ____

door

what is burnout

a response to the strain of dealing with constant demands and problems of people under our care

workers with burnout could decline in their job performance which could result in _______

loss of the job

people that experience burnout are likely to abuse substances like ___________

tobacco, caffeine, and alcohol

what can help with burnout

self care and stress relief activities

what is a stress reliever that helps us connect with others and difficult situations that also helps with creativity and health benefits

humor

a radiographer who avoids waste like damage to equipment demonstrates a high standard of ___________

ethical behavior

textbooks based on medical data contain the information that is valid when the manuscript is submitted but by the time of publishing it can be _____

outdated

in the area of professional growth what is often more productive than individual effort

cooperation

how many affiliate societies are in the ASRT

54

what does personal morality mean

based on the lesson or right and wrong

who wrote and studied on the subject of moral development

lawrence kohlberg

when did kohlberg write and study the subject of moral development

1970s

what is the description of stages of moral development by lawrence kohlberg called

kohlbergs theory

what does kohlbergs work describe

how individuals learn morality first through experience with obedience and punishment

what refers to the moral principles that apply specifically to certain groups of people

group morality

what defined the moral duties of physicians

Hippocratic oath in ancient greece

what are these examples of?

duty to provide due care, maintaining professional competence, and to maintain confidentiality of patients

group moralities

what are ethics

a systemic reflection on morality

what is thought of as the application of ethical principles to specific human activities

applied morality

where can you find the essential principles of ethical behavior for the group

the code of ethics

what do our moral principles show us

a sense of right and wrong and a desire to do the right thing

what does professional ethics show us

correct moral behavior in the context of performing professional duties

what are laws

the means that the government uses to enforce commonly accepted moral standards in the interests of society

what is the standards of ethics for radiographers by the ARRT

a two-part document including the code of ethics, an inspirational document and the rules of ethics, a more specific list of standards

what does the third principle of the ARRT code of ethics tell us

to put aside all personal prejudice and emotional bias when rending professional services

what does the ethics of care reflect

a view point that could be considered situational ethics

what is an example of situational ethics

what is right for one patient could be wrong for another

a caring ethic demands moral judgements that reflect community values like _____________________

respect, patience, tact, and kindness

what is the theory of virtue based ethics

a value placed on virtues like caring, faithfulness, trustworthy, compassion, and courage

what does rights based ethics describe

the rights of individuals in a democratic society to be shielded from undue restriction or harm

what can the right of individuals do to others

place duties on them

what is a potential conflict of rights-based ethics

what a professional sees as their duty and what a patient claims as their rights

what is principlism or principle based ethics

widely accepted standard for selecting and defending solutions to ethical dilemmas in healthcare

what is beneficence

goodness, actions that bring about good are considered right

what is nonmaleficence

no evil, an obligation not to inflict harm

what is veracity

truth, an obligation to tell the truth

what is fidelity

faithfulness, an obligation to be loyal or faithful

what is justice

fairness, and obligation to act with equality

what is autonomy

self-determination, respecting the independence of others and acting with self-reliance

what is a method of evaluation of situations in which correct action is in questions

ethical analysis

what are the 4 basic steps to ethical analysis

1. 1. identify the problem

2. 2. developing alternate solutions

3. 3. selecting the best solution

4. 4. defending your selection

what is the person known as that is responsible for implementing the ethical decision

moral agent

what is a major ethical concern

to protect patients rights

what are the patients rights

considerate and respectful care, information, privacy and confidentiality, informed consent, the right to refuse treatment/exam, death with dignity

the patient right of considerate and respectful care is the same professional behavior prescribed by ____ principles of the ARRT code of ethics

second and third

the patients right of information does not include the radiographer to _______

give a diagnosis

questions on diagnosis, treatment, and other aspects of care must be given by the ____

physician

what does HIPAA stand for

health insurance portability and accountability act

when was HIPAA enacted

2003

what information is included in an informed consent

detailed explanation of the procedure, benefits and risks of the procedure, and risks if it is not done, sign consent, and witness to the signing (who explains it)

can a consent form be sided after receiving anesthia or sedation

no has to be before

who signs a consent form for a minor or incompetent patient

legal guardian or parent

can the consent form be provoked

yes at any time

if a patient refuses procedure what do you do

stop when it is safe to do so

what does DNR stand for

do not resuscitate

what does DNI stand for

do not intubate

what is an advanced directive

outline of specific wishes about the medical care to be given if the patient loses the ability to make decisions

what are the two divisions of law

criminal and civil

what is a serious crime, violent or nonviolent that could lead to death or imprisonment

felony

what is a less significant crime than a felony that results in punishment typically by fine or by imprisonment for less than a year

misdemeanor

what is a civil wrong commitment by one individual against the person or property of another individual

tort

what is the name for the suing body

plaintiff

what is another name for the party being sued

defendant

what are the two categories of torts

intentional misconduct and negligence

what are the intentional torts that can occur in the healthcare setting

assault, battery, false imprisonment, invasion of privacy, libel, and slander

what are the unintentional torts

negligence and misconduct

what is the threat of touching in an injurious way

assault

what is an unlawful touching of a person without their consent

battery

what is the unjustifiable detention of a person against their will

false imprisonment

what is the intrusion into a patients private affairs, disclosure or private info, use of patients name falsely, or for personal gain

invasion of privacy

what is the malicious spreading of info that causes defamation of character or loss or reputation

libel - written and slander - verbal

what is the professional negligence; an act of negligence in the context of a relationship between a professional and a patient

malpractice

what does it mean to neglect or omission of reasonable care or caution

negligence

what is a negligent act that involves reckless disregard for life or limb

gross negligence

what is the act of negligence in which the behavior of the injured party contributed to the injury

contributary negligence

when the hospital as an entity is negligent

corporate negligence

what are the 4 requirements for a claim of malpractice

1. the defendant had a duty to provide reasonable care to the patient

2. the patient sustained some loss or injury

3. the defendant is the party responsible for the loss

4. the loss is attributable to negligence or improper practice

what does res ipsa loquitur mean

speaks for itself

what does respondeat superior mean

respond to the master

who in healthcare is responsible for the employees

employer

what is the liability by one person or agency for the actions known as

vicarious liability

what refers to an extensive compilation of info such as patients records

chart

can you use hospital computers for personal communication

no

what does RIMS stand for

radiology information management system

what allows RTs access to pertinent patient info like room number, allergies, and reports of other diagnostic testing and allows for ordering and billing

RIMS or RIS

what info is not given on RIMS

health history and plan of care

what is a EMR or e-chart

electronic medical record

what are the advantages of e-charts

• more legible than handwriting

• info is easily stored and accessible from multiple locations

• quick access of info via tabs or menus

what refers to the process of adding any info to a chart or to document that will be incorporated into a chart

charting

to change something in a patients chart what is needed

addendums

the chart is a ____ document

legal

what are the seven c’s to malpractice prevention

competence, compliance, charting, communication, confidentiality, courtesy, caution