Domain and Process Midterm - OTPF4

Quality of Vision

ability to detect light contrast, and color among visual stimuli

Visual Acuity

allows us to detect form and contour and see things clearly near and far

Visual stability

allows us to perceive objects or our environment as stable even though our eyes are moving rapidly (challenges when eyes and body both moving)

Visual Field

allows us to see our full environment through central and peripheral vision

Sound detection and discrimination

determination of what is making the noise and if it requires us to act

awareness of location and distance of sounds

locating where a sound is coming from and approximately how far away it is

vestibular functions

position, balance, and secure movement against gravity

Position

inner ear helps us determine the position of our body (no sight needed). helps determine if we are moving/still/accelerating/decelerating

Balance

how we remain upright while standing/sitting/moving.

When one moves/pushed by outside object, inner ear tells brain/body how to stay upright

Secure movement against gravity

relies on semicircular canals of inner ear.

allows people to move around in space against gravity forces

taste functions

association of taste qualities of bitterness, sweetness, sourness, and saltiness

smell functions

sensing of odors and smells

Proprioception

awareness of body position and space: ability to determine where one’s body parts are moving and in which direction they are moving or being held

muscle spindles: detect muscle length

golgi tendon organs: receive information about joints through detection of movement of tendons

feeling of being touched

ability to perceive contact with the skin

touching various textures

ability to differentiate different texture

Localizing Pain

being able to identify when damage may be occurring in a part of the body

Generalized Pain

ability to sense widespread pain or discomfort

Interoception

internal detection of changes in organs through sensory receptors

awareness of hunger and thirst, digestion, state if alertness, bladder functions

Thermal awareness

ability to sense hot or cold

sense of force applied to the skin

ability to feel pressure against the body

Joint Range of Motion

the ease with which a joint moves through motion

joint stability

maintenance of structural integrity of joints - stability of joint allows for proper alignment

Muscle power (strength)

the force with which a body part must move or hold an object. includes maintaining postures: standing upright

Muscle Tone

natural tension that is present in muscles at rest. normal tone is necessary for smooth movements during activities

Muscle endurance

muscle contraction must be maintained for prolonged periods of time

Motor Reflexes

involuntary contraction of muscles automatically induced by specific stimuli

Involuntary movement reactions

postural reactions, body adjustment reactions, supporting reactions

Control of voluntary movement

eye-hand and eye-foot coordination, bilateral integration, crossing of the midline, fine and gross motor control, oculomotor function

Fine motor control

utilize small muscles of the hand and fingers. not only used with objects but individual finger movement

gross motor control

large muscles of the body are used to coordinate movements

ex: jumping, kicking, throwing

includes being able to start/stop contractions at the right time and controlling speed

Oculomotor control

motor control of the eye muscles to allow detection of visual information

Visual saccades

rapid eye movements from one point to another

Visual pursuits

eyes follow a moving object and keep its focus

Visual accomodation

eyes are able to change from near to far

Gait Patterns

Gait patterns and mobility.

movements used to walk. normal gait pattern includes the use of both legs interchangeable and shifting body weight from one leg to another

Cardiovascular system functions

maintenance of BP functions, HR and rhythm

Hematological

blood and blood forming tissues: required of activities that are strenuous by delivering electrolytes

Respiratory system functions

rate- moving air in and out of lungs

rhythm- cycle of inspiration and expiration

depth- volume of air in/exhaled

Additional functions and sensations of Cardiovasc and respiratory system

physical endurance, aerobic capacity, stamina, fatigability

immunological

bone marrow, thymus, spleen and lymph

“fight off bad stuff”

Voice functions

those that produce noise by sending air through larynx

rhythm and fluency

flow and tempo used to express emotion emphasis, and beginning/end sentences

fluency - allows us to speak one word after another fluidly

alternative vocalization

laughing, singing, humming, chanting, crying (not necessarily words)

Digestive system functions

allows for transport of food or liquid through body

metabolic system function

allows our bodies to utilize food and convert it to energy

endocrine system functions

regulates hormone levels

urinary functions

release urine from body

genital and reproductive system functions

includes menstruation, procreation, sexual functions

Skin functions

protection and repair (required for activities that may have injury)

Hair and nails function

presence of hair or nails is required for certain tasks

e.g. brushing hair, painting nails

Judgement

examining aspects of different options and discriminating the variation to form an option or belief

concept formation

the ability to organize information and develop ideas based on the common qualities of objects or situations

metacognition

being aware of how we think and process and being able to manipulate and control one’s own cognition (thinking about thinking)

executive function

complex goal-directed behaviors

decision-making, planning, mental flexibility, abstract thinking

Praxis (motor planning)

ability to carry out sequential movements, with correct timing and transitions between one movement and another

think about goal, plan the steps, body moves

cognitive flexibility

changing strategies when confronting a problem or changing a set of thoughts

insight

related to self-awareness and having an understanding of one’s strengths and weakness

Sustained Attention and Concentration

any activity that requires focus for long periods of time

Selective Attention

focusing on one thing while filtering out other stimuli

Divided Attention

focus on two stimuli at the same time (driving)

Shifting Attention

attend to one task at a time for limited amounts of time

e.g. cooking, take a phone call, back to cooking

Short Term Memory

30 seconds (minutes to hours)

Working Memory (while completing activity)

constant ability to store memories and act on them within a task

long term memory

few hours to many years

Perceptions

discrimination of sensations (auditory, tactile, visual, olfactory, gustatory [taste], vestibular, proprioceptive

Control and Content of Thought

maintaining a stream of thoughts that relate to the activity (related to content not attention)

Awareness of reality vs delusions

distinguishing between thoughts and what is truly occurring

reality vs dreams, imagination, delusions, hallucinations

Logical and Coherent thought

must be reasonable and capable of being explained in words or symbols; used for reasoning; allows our actions to be reasonable

Sequencing Complex Movements

Mental functions that regulate the speed, response, quality, and time of motor production, such as restlessness, toe tapping, or hand wringing, in response to inner tension

Emotional Body Functions

regulations and range of emotions; appropriateness of emotion

Experience of self and time

awareness of one’s identity, body, and position in the reality of one’s environment and time

Awareness and Alertness/arousal (consciousness)

the state of awareness and alertness, including clarity and continuity of the wakeful state”

Clarity and continuity of the wakeful state

ability to demonstrate alertness and respond to stimuli present in the environment

Orientation

orientation to person and self, place, time, and others

Psychosocial

general mental functions as they develop throughout the lifespan - contribute to ability to create connections and interactions with others (have to have meaning and be reciprocal)

includes awareness of self and others

Used in relationships with other, when communicating with someone

Temperament and Personality

extroversion, introversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness

emotional stability

openness to experience (personality trait)

self-expression

confidence

motivation

self-control & impulse control

Energy

mental stamina and vigor (relates to temperament and personality)

Sleep

Physiological process, quality of sleep

Motor skills

the group of performance skills that represent small, observable actions related to moving oneself or moving and interacting with tangible task objects in the context of performing a personally and ecologically relevant daily life task

Aligns

interacts with task objects without evidence of persistent propping or persistent leaning

Stabilizes

occurs when a person moves through the environment and interacts with objects, all without propping or a loss of balance

Positions

establish an effective distance from task objects and without evidence of awkward body positioning

Reaches

extend arms in order to interact with objects. This may also require bending the trunk in order to reach item

Bends

may be required to flex or rotate the trunk

Grips

effective use of the fingers, teeth, toes, or other body parts to pinch or hold onto objects, not allowing them to slip

Manipulates

uses dexterous finger movements, without evidence of fumbling when manipulating task objects

Coordinates

use of two or more body parts together to utilize an object

Moves

move objects by either pushing or pulling them along a surface

Lifts

raise or elevate objects required of the activity without evidence of increased effort

Walks

ambulating on a surface without shuffling the feet or becoming unstable

Transports

carrying objects needed for an activity from one place to another while moving by walking or using a wheelchair

Calibrates

use appropriate force when interacting with an object

Flows

use of smooth and fluid arm and wrist movements when interacting with task objects

Endures

persisting through a task without obvious evidence of physical fatigue, pausing to rest, or stopping to catch ones breath

Paces

involves the ability to maintain a consistent tempo or rate of movement during the task

Paces

the mental process of pacing the task

Attends

requires the participant to pay direct attention to what is happening without looking away or

interrupting continuous engagement

Heeds

carry out and complete a task that was agreed upon or specified by another person

Chooses

selecting the tools, choosing appropriate type and number of tools, and selecting the appropriate type of materials needed

Uses

utilizes tools and materials appropriately and as intended